Sunday, April 29, 2007
Monday, April 23, 2007
Surat !!!! Meri Jaan
Surat pronunciation? (Gujarati: સુરત) is a port city in the Indian state of Gujarat and administrative headquarters of the Surat District. As of 2006, Surat and its metropolitan area had a population of approximately 3.9 million. It is the second largest city in Gujarat and ninth largest in India[1].
The city is situated on the left bank of the Tapti River, 14 miles from its mouth. A moat indicates the dividing-line between the old city, with its narrow streets and handsome houses, and the newer suburbs, but the city wall has almost disappeared. The city is largely recognized for its textile and diamond businesses. Three-quarters of the world's diamonds are cut and polished in Surat, thus it has been called the "Diamond capital of the world".[citation needed] It is also the fastest growing city in the world. [U.N.Survey; Kabul, Afghanistan is growing faster according to Demographia.com]
History
Local traditions fix the establishment of the modern city in the last years of the fifteenth century, and in 1514 the Portuguese traveller Duarte Barbosa described it as an important seaport, frequented by many ships from Malabar and all parts of the world. There still is an irregular picturesque fortress on the banks of the river built in 1540. One particular village in the suburbs of Surat is Barbodhan Village, possibly named after the explorer Duarte Barbosa (it derives from "Bab-ul-Aden"—Doorway to Aden, Yemen—where it has strong cultural and trading links).
Surat eclipsed Cambay as the major port of western India, as Cambay's harbour had begun to silt up by the end of fifteenth century. Subsequently during the reigns of Mughal emperors Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan it rose to be the chief commercial city of India. An Imperial mint was established at Surat during that time. As the major port on the western seaboard of that time, Surat also served as the sailing port for the Hajj to Mecca. At the end of the 16th century the Portuguese were undisputed masters of the Surat sea trade. In 1608, ships from the British East India Company started docking in Surat, which was established as a trade transit point. In 1612, the British Captain Best, and after him Captain Downton, destroyed the Portuguese naval supremacy and obtained an imperial firman establishing a British factory at Surat following the Battle of Swally. The city was made the seat of a presidency under the British East India Company after the great success of the embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the court of emperor Jehangir. The Dutch also founded a factory.
In 1664 the Maratha leader Shivaji sacked and looted Surat. When Shivaji arrived at Surat he demanded tribute from the Mughal commander and the small army stationed with him for port security. The tribute was refused and so after Shivaji took the city, he put it to sack. Surat was under sack for nearly 3 weeks, in which the Maratha army looted all possible wealth from Mughal & Portuguese trading centers. All this loot was successfully transported to Maharashtra before the Mughal Empire at Delhi was alerted. This wealth later was used for development & strengthening the Maratha Empire.
The only exception to the looting was the British factory, a fortified warehouse-counting house-hostel, which was successfully defended by Sir George Oxenden. But the prosperity of the factory at Surat received a fatal blow when Bombay was ceded to the British as part of the dowry for Catherine of Braganza's wedding to Charles II in 1662. Shortly afterwards in 1668 another factory was established in Bombay(Mumbai) by the British East India Company. From that date Surat began to decline with the rise of British interests in Bombay, and the city was sacked again by Shivaji in 1670. By 1689 the seat of presidency was moved to Bombay by the British East India Company. The Surat population had reached an estimated 800,000 in its heyday, but by the middle of the 19th century the number had fallen to 80,000. Surat was again taken by the British in 1759, and the conquerors assumed the undivided government of the city in 1800. Since the introduction of British rule, the city and the surrounding district remained comparatively tranquil; and even during the Revolt of 1857(also known as the first struggle for India's independence) peace was not disturbed, owing in great measure to the loyalty of the leading Muslim families to the British and to the largely mercantile interests of the local population.
A fire and a flood in 1837 destroyed a great number of buildings. Among the interesting monuments still surviving are the tombs of the English and Dutch merchants and their families, dating to the 17th century, especially those of the Oxenden brothers.
By the early 20th century, the population had slowly climbed to 119,306 and Surat remained a center of trade and manufacturing, although some of its former industries, such as ship-building, were extinct. There were cotton mills, factories for ginning and pressing cotton, rice-cleaning mills and paper mills. Fine cotton goods were woven on hand-looms, and there were special manufactures of silk brocade and gold embroidery (known as zari). The chief trades were organized in guilds. The manufacturing and trading brought an eclectic mix of ethnicities to the city, making Surat's culture unique even in modern times.
In 1992, violent riots took place between Hindus and Muslims, the first and worst of their kind in the modern history of Surat. In 1994, a combination of heavy rains and blocked drains led to water logging in the city. A number of dead street animals and public waste were not removed in time and a plague epidemic spread through the city. This brought the world's attention to the city as evinced by the sanctions on travel and goods exchange put up by a number of countries. The municipal commissioner during that time, S. R. Rao and the people of Surat worked hard in the late 1990s to clean the city up after which it was recognized in many circles as the 'second-cleanest city in India'.
In the second week of August, 2006, a massive flood caused severe damage to the city of Surat. In less than three days, at least 120 people died. More than 4,000 animal carcasses were later hauled out of the mud. Two weeks after the floods, Surat’s diamond-polishing factories were practically empty of workers, who had fled fearing disease. An industry group estimated the losses at $60 million.
Geography
Surat is a port city situated on the banks of the Tapti river (though the port has disappeared because of the damming of the river Tapti, the nearest port is now in Hazira which falls in the metropolitan area of Surat). The city is located at 21.17° N 72.83° E.[1] It has an average elevation of 13 metres (42 feet). The Surat district is surrounded by Bharuch, Narmada (North), Navsari and Dang (South) districts. To the west is the Gulf of Cambay. The climate is tropical and the monsoon is abundant (about 2500 mm a year).
Area: 112.27 km²
Climate
Winter Temperature: Max 31 °C, Min 12 °C
Summer Temperature: Max 42 °C, Min 24 °C
Rainfall (mid-June to mid-September): 931.9 mm
Lowest Recorded Temperature: 7 °C
Highest Recorded Temperature: 45 °C
Economy
Flyover cutting through Surat's textile district.Surat is at the heart of India's thriving diamond-polishing industry, which in 2005 cut 92% of the world's diamond pieces and earned India $8 billion in exports. Gujarati diamond cutters emigrating from East Africa established the industry in 1901 and by the 70's Surat-based diamond cutters began exporting stones to the US for the first time. Though a majority of polishing work takes place on small weight stones, Surat's workshops have set their eyes on the lucrative market for finishing larger, pricier stones in the future.
Surat is now india's second cleanest city.[2]
Surat was ranked the No.1 city in India to earn, invest and live.[3]
Furthermore, Surat is an industrial hub for the production of synthetic fibers and man-made fabrics, contributing almost 28% of India's total synthetic fiber output and 40% of the nation's total man-made fabric production and computrised embroidery work. In addition it is home to several major processing facilities/manufacturing centers for Reliance Petrochemicals, Essar Steel, Larsen & Toubro, KRIBHCO, ONGC, Shell, and many others.
Government and Politics
The Surat Municipal Corporation is responsible for the city's civic infrastructure as well as carrying out associated administrative duties.
Transport
While the city has a local city bus system, the public transport needs of the city are met by privately operated auto rickshaws. The city has recently seen the completion of a large number of road engineering projects, particularly the elevated roads, or flyovers in the diamond and textile districts of the city. This has significantly cut down on the commuting time for many commuters travelling to the diamond and textile districts.
Surat has the highest No. of flyovers in Gujarat.
The Golden Quadrilateral highway system will pass through Surat at its expected completion in December of 2006. At present the city is connected to the National Highway 8 through a 16 k.m. connector highway. National Highway 8 corridor is one of the most industrially developed area in the country and Surat is one of the most industrially active cities that connect to it. National highway 6 starts from Hazira and connects the city to other Dhule, Nagpur, Raipur, Sambalpur, Kharagpur and Kolkata
Surat is very well connected with mumbai and ahmedabad by fast luxurious train.
The city is connected to the national railway system through the Western Railways connecting it to Mumbai and beyond to the south as well as New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Vadodara and other cities to the north. The Surat Railway station is in the eastern-central part of the city and is very conveniently located near major hotels and businesses. There is also a connection to the Central Railways through the Udhana Junction and the Tapti line. There are numerous daily trains that travel to the north, south and east during all times of the day. The variety of passenger trains range from local trains that stop at all stations on the way, to super fast express trains (by Indian standards) like the August Kranti Rajdhani Express. In addition there are plenty of goods trains that move the goods produced by the city to the rest of the country and beyond, and bring supplies to the city.
One of the ironies that you can only find in India is that despite being the second largest city in the state and the ninth largest in the country, Surat does not have a working airport. There are plans to expand and reactivate the airstrip in Magdalla, about 15k.m. from the city center. The work has been going on for about 3 years now (November 2006) with no visible end date.
Demographics
As of 2001 India censusIndia, Surat had a population of 2,433,787. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Surat has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 66%. In Surat, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Because of presence of unauthorized residential buildings and shanty towns which bring difficulties in counting the residents of these areas, combined with the explosive growth in population (mostly through migration) it is estimated that as of 2006 about 3.9 million people [4] live within the Surat Urban Development Authority(SUDA) area. However, the SUDA also covers a 5k.m. surrounding area in addition to the official city limits and thus covers a lot of villages and towns that lie outside the Municipal area.
Culture
Surat is known throughout India for its unique Surti cuisine. Some special and unique dishes of Surat include Locho, Surti Undhiyu, Rasawala Khaman, Cold coco and Surti Ghari. Many of the popular types of food of the state of Gujarat originated in this region. Contrary to popular belief, Surti cuisine is not as sweet as the stereotypical Gujarati food, but rather quite on the spicier side.
The most popular eating spots are roadside standalones, called "laaris" or "rekdis". Come winter and Suratis will emerge at river Tapi's banks to eat Ponk. Ponk is a Roasted Millet variety that is available only in this part of the world.
Surat is also well known for its celebrations of Chandi Padvo usually which usually comes around October. This is the biggest full moon day of rthe Hindu calendar year. On this day, Surtis buy almost 100 tons of Ghari and other Surati delicacies, then head to Dumas where they have dinner/late night snack under full moon.
Most major Indian festivals such as Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi are celebrated here with enthusiasm. The kite-flying festival of Makar Sankranti is especially popular in the city. Surtis are very fond of drinking though Gujarat is a dry state, and they leave no stone unturned for drinking. The favourable hangouts are Daman and Goa.
Education
Most of the schools in the area have Gujarati as the medium of instruction, and there are a number of English medium schools as well. St. Xaviers and Lourdes Convent are the two Catholic schools in Surat and are often viewed as elite schools though Sir J.J. English school which was once amongst the best has now degraded due to its poor management. Other private schools like the S.V. Rao New Model School continue to have success and often are recognized by the state and local governments. Regardless of medium of instruction, most schools are part of the Gujarat State Education Board. The Seventh Day Adventist school in Athwa Lines is part of the national ICSE board and Delhi Public school, Surat is affiliated to CBSE. There is a school in Surat called Lancers Army School. It is a good school to make children physically and mentally strong. It is affiliated to GBSE and CBSE.
Surat has a large concentration of colleges under the Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in the Athwa Lines area on the banks of the Tapti river. It has a medical college and three engineering colleges, including the prestigious Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, some private colleges like Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology (SCET), and the C K Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology (CKPCET). SCET is one of the few institutions in the country to offer engineering degrees in Surat's main industry, Textiles. The MTB Arts and PT Science colleges are among the oldest in the state of Gujarat with PT Science being the only English Science college in the city. V.T. Choksi Sarvajanik College of Education is another well known educational institution.
Media
Gujarat Samachar, Divya Bhasker, Sandesh and Gujarat Mitra are the most read Surat dailies. Local editions of these newspapers are published in Gujarati. "LOKTEJ" was the first Hindi daily published from Surat.[citation needed]RAJASTHAN PATRIKA is now the top Hindi daily newspaper from Surat. The national dailies Indian Express and The Times of India are the most popular English newspapers. Most cable service providers have local television channels as well.
Surat was likely selected by the Volvo automobile manufacturer in 2006 as the secret location for a buried Volvo XC90 Sport Utility Vehicle. This exclusive limited edition XC90 V8 was built with a "pirates" theme for a joint promotion with Disney's movie "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest," released in the US on July 7 2006. The corporation allegedly secured a 10.2 acre site on the outskirts of the city of Surat in order to bury the SUV. A massive commercial campaign resulted in a global multi-media treasure hunt as millions worldwide competed with one another to be the first to reach the treasure. Thousands of treasure seekers participating in The Hunt discovered this secret location of the treasure, and Volvo selected from these people seven finalists; 3 winners from the US, and one each from Japan, Great Britain and Australia. These finalists competed in a man-on-the-ground search for the treasure at the location in August 2006. It is believed that Surat was chosen as the location for this treasure because of its historical significance as the primary hub of the influential British East India Company, established as early as 1608. The East India Company was an ardent foe of the pirate, as the company's merchant ships were often targeted in the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and other oceans by zealous pirates and privateers in search of their own treasures. Volvo spokesperson Helen Gore stated that the corporation actually considered burying the SUV near the The Pirates of the Caribbean Ride at Disneyland. "It is just a few miles up the 405 from Volvo’s North American headquarters, but this one fell under the category of 'way too obvious'.
Sports
Surat has many sports facilities, the majority of them dedicated to cricket. The Lalbhai Contractor Stadium and the Pithawala Cricket stadium have facilities for hosting cricket matches. In addition, Surat has an indoor stadium, used to host events like badminton & table tennis.
Places of Interest
Dutch Garden :- The ancient Dutch gardens, the Dutch cemetery and Makaipul, the ancient original port from where the ships sailed to other parts of the world are other attractions.
Old Fort :- The Old Fort was built by Muhammed Tughlak in the 14th century to fortify the defence against the Bhils.
Sardar Patel Museum :- About hundred years old this museum has a collection of over 10,000 specimens of arts and crafts.
Rangupavan :- It is an open air theatre with 18 meters by 10.5 meters stage and a capacity of around 4000 spectators. This is one of the biggest theatre in the country.
Dumas & Hajira :- Dumas 16 kms from Surat and Hajira 28 kms from Surat are well known health resorts on the creek of Arabian Sea. Hajira has two wells with water rich in iron and sulphur. The pleasant Hazira beach is fringed by feathery casurina trees.
Vansada National Park :- It is situated in Valsad district is a home to leopards, tigers, panthers and wild boars. The best time to visit is between October to March.
Beaches :- There are a number of beaches near Surat. Only 16 km away, Dumas is a popular resort with locals. Hajira is 28 km from the city and Ubhrat is 42 km out, while Tithal is 108kn away and only five km from Valsad on the Mumbai to Vadodara train line. Twenty-nine km south of Surat, Navsari has been a headquarters for the Parsi community since the earliest days of their settlement in India. Udvada, only 10 km north of Vapi, the station for Daman, has the oldest Parsi sacred fire in India. It is said that the fire was brought from Persia to Diu, on the opposite coast of the Gulf of Cambay, in 700 AD. Sanjan, in the extreme south of the state, is the small port where the Parsis first landed. A pillar marks the spot.
The city is situated on the left bank of the Tapti River, 14 miles from its mouth. A moat indicates the dividing-line between the old city, with its narrow streets and handsome houses, and the newer suburbs, but the city wall has almost disappeared. The city is largely recognized for its textile and diamond businesses. Three-quarters of the world's diamonds are cut and polished in Surat, thus it has been called the "Diamond capital of the world".[citation needed] It is also the fastest growing city in the world. [U.N.Survey; Kabul, Afghanistan is growing faster according to Demographia.com]
History
Local traditions fix the establishment of the modern city in the last years of the fifteenth century, and in 1514 the Portuguese traveller Duarte Barbosa described it as an important seaport, frequented by many ships from Malabar and all parts of the world. There still is an irregular picturesque fortress on the banks of the river built in 1540. One particular village in the suburbs of Surat is Barbodhan Village, possibly named after the explorer Duarte Barbosa (it derives from "Bab-ul-Aden"—Doorway to Aden, Yemen—where it has strong cultural and trading links).
Surat eclipsed Cambay as the major port of western India, as Cambay's harbour had begun to silt up by the end of fifteenth century. Subsequently during the reigns of Mughal emperors Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan it rose to be the chief commercial city of India. An Imperial mint was established at Surat during that time. As the major port on the western seaboard of that time, Surat also served as the sailing port for the Hajj to Mecca. At the end of the 16th century the Portuguese were undisputed masters of the Surat sea trade. In 1608, ships from the British East India Company started docking in Surat, which was established as a trade transit point. In 1612, the British Captain Best, and after him Captain Downton, destroyed the Portuguese naval supremacy and obtained an imperial firman establishing a British factory at Surat following the Battle of Swally. The city was made the seat of a presidency under the British East India Company after the great success of the embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the court of emperor Jehangir. The Dutch also founded a factory.
In 1664 the Maratha leader Shivaji sacked and looted Surat. When Shivaji arrived at Surat he demanded tribute from the Mughal commander and the small army stationed with him for port security. The tribute was refused and so after Shivaji took the city, he put it to sack. Surat was under sack for nearly 3 weeks, in which the Maratha army looted all possible wealth from Mughal & Portuguese trading centers. All this loot was successfully transported to Maharashtra before the Mughal Empire at Delhi was alerted. This wealth later was used for development & strengthening the Maratha Empire.
The only exception to the looting was the British factory, a fortified warehouse-counting house-hostel, which was successfully defended by Sir George Oxenden. But the prosperity of the factory at Surat received a fatal blow when Bombay was ceded to the British as part of the dowry for Catherine of Braganza's wedding to Charles II in 1662. Shortly afterwards in 1668 another factory was established in Bombay(Mumbai) by the British East India Company. From that date Surat began to decline with the rise of British interests in Bombay, and the city was sacked again by Shivaji in 1670. By 1689 the seat of presidency was moved to Bombay by the British East India Company. The Surat population had reached an estimated 800,000 in its heyday, but by the middle of the 19th century the number had fallen to 80,000. Surat was again taken by the British in 1759, and the conquerors assumed the undivided government of the city in 1800. Since the introduction of British rule, the city and the surrounding district remained comparatively tranquil; and even during the Revolt of 1857(also known as the first struggle for India's independence) peace was not disturbed, owing in great measure to the loyalty of the leading Muslim families to the British and to the largely mercantile interests of the local population.
A fire and a flood in 1837 destroyed a great number of buildings. Among the interesting monuments still surviving are the tombs of the English and Dutch merchants and their families, dating to the 17th century, especially those of the Oxenden brothers.
By the early 20th century, the population had slowly climbed to 119,306 and Surat remained a center of trade and manufacturing, although some of its former industries, such as ship-building, were extinct. There were cotton mills, factories for ginning and pressing cotton, rice-cleaning mills and paper mills. Fine cotton goods were woven on hand-looms, and there were special manufactures of silk brocade and gold embroidery (known as zari). The chief trades were organized in guilds. The manufacturing and trading brought an eclectic mix of ethnicities to the city, making Surat's culture unique even in modern times.
In 1992, violent riots took place between Hindus and Muslims, the first and worst of their kind in the modern history of Surat. In 1994, a combination of heavy rains and blocked drains led to water logging in the city. A number of dead street animals and public waste were not removed in time and a plague epidemic spread through the city. This brought the world's attention to the city as evinced by the sanctions on travel and goods exchange put up by a number of countries. The municipal commissioner during that time, S. R. Rao and the people of Surat worked hard in the late 1990s to clean the city up after which it was recognized in many circles as the 'second-cleanest city in India'.
In the second week of August, 2006, a massive flood caused severe damage to the city of Surat. In less than three days, at least 120 people died. More than 4,000 animal carcasses were later hauled out of the mud. Two weeks after the floods, Surat’s diamond-polishing factories were practically empty of workers, who had fled fearing disease. An industry group estimated the losses at $60 million.
Geography
Surat is a port city situated on the banks of the Tapti river (though the port has disappeared because of the damming of the river Tapti, the nearest port is now in Hazira which falls in the metropolitan area of Surat). The city is located at 21.17° N 72.83° E.[1] It has an average elevation of 13 metres (42 feet). The Surat district is surrounded by Bharuch, Narmada (North), Navsari and Dang (South) districts. To the west is the Gulf of Cambay. The climate is tropical and the monsoon is abundant (about 2500 mm a year).
Area: 112.27 km²
Climate
Winter Temperature: Max 31 °C, Min 12 °C
Summer Temperature: Max 42 °C, Min 24 °C
Rainfall (mid-June to mid-September): 931.9 mm
Lowest Recorded Temperature: 7 °C
Highest Recorded Temperature: 45 °C
Economy
Flyover cutting through Surat's textile district.Surat is at the heart of India's thriving diamond-polishing industry, which in 2005 cut 92% of the world's diamond pieces and earned India $8 billion in exports. Gujarati diamond cutters emigrating from East Africa established the industry in 1901 and by the 70's Surat-based diamond cutters began exporting stones to the US for the first time. Though a majority of polishing work takes place on small weight stones, Surat's workshops have set their eyes on the lucrative market for finishing larger, pricier stones in the future.
Surat is now india's second cleanest city.[2]
Surat was ranked the No.1 city in India to earn, invest and live.[3]
Furthermore, Surat is an industrial hub for the production of synthetic fibers and man-made fabrics, contributing almost 28% of India's total synthetic fiber output and 40% of the nation's total man-made fabric production and computrised embroidery work. In addition it is home to several major processing facilities/manufacturing centers for Reliance Petrochemicals, Essar Steel, Larsen & Toubro, KRIBHCO, ONGC, Shell, and many others.
Government and Politics
The Surat Municipal Corporation is responsible for the city's civic infrastructure as well as carrying out associated administrative duties.
Transport
While the city has a local city bus system, the public transport needs of the city are met by privately operated auto rickshaws. The city has recently seen the completion of a large number of road engineering projects, particularly the elevated roads, or flyovers in the diamond and textile districts of the city. This has significantly cut down on the commuting time for many commuters travelling to the diamond and textile districts.
Surat has the highest No. of flyovers in Gujarat.
The Golden Quadrilateral highway system will pass through Surat at its expected completion in December of 2006. At present the city is connected to the National Highway 8 through a 16 k.m. connector highway. National Highway 8 corridor is one of the most industrially developed area in the country and Surat is one of the most industrially active cities that connect to it. National highway 6 starts from Hazira and connects the city to other Dhule, Nagpur, Raipur, Sambalpur, Kharagpur and Kolkata
Surat is very well connected with mumbai and ahmedabad by fast luxurious train.
The city is connected to the national railway system through the Western Railways connecting it to Mumbai and beyond to the south as well as New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Vadodara and other cities to the north. The Surat Railway station is in the eastern-central part of the city and is very conveniently located near major hotels and businesses. There is also a connection to the Central Railways through the Udhana Junction and the Tapti line. There are numerous daily trains that travel to the north, south and east during all times of the day. The variety of passenger trains range from local trains that stop at all stations on the way, to super fast express trains (by Indian standards) like the August Kranti Rajdhani Express. In addition there are plenty of goods trains that move the goods produced by the city to the rest of the country and beyond, and bring supplies to the city.
One of the ironies that you can only find in India is that despite being the second largest city in the state and the ninth largest in the country, Surat does not have a working airport. There are plans to expand and reactivate the airstrip in Magdalla, about 15k.m. from the city center. The work has been going on for about 3 years now (November 2006) with no visible end date.
Demographics
As of 2001 India censusIndia, Surat had a population of 2,433,787. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Surat has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 66%. In Surat, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Because of presence of unauthorized residential buildings and shanty towns which bring difficulties in counting the residents of these areas, combined with the explosive growth in population (mostly through migration) it is estimated that as of 2006 about 3.9 million people [4] live within the Surat Urban Development Authority(SUDA) area. However, the SUDA also covers a 5k.m. surrounding area in addition to the official city limits and thus covers a lot of villages and towns that lie outside the Municipal area.
Culture
Surat is known throughout India for its unique Surti cuisine. Some special and unique dishes of Surat include Locho, Surti Undhiyu, Rasawala Khaman, Cold coco and Surti Ghari. Many of the popular types of food of the state of Gujarat originated in this region. Contrary to popular belief, Surti cuisine is not as sweet as the stereotypical Gujarati food, but rather quite on the spicier side.
The most popular eating spots are roadside standalones, called "laaris" or "rekdis". Come winter and Suratis will emerge at river Tapi's banks to eat Ponk. Ponk is a Roasted Millet variety that is available only in this part of the world.
Surat is also well known for its celebrations of Chandi Padvo usually which usually comes around October. This is the biggest full moon day of rthe Hindu calendar year. On this day, Surtis buy almost 100 tons of Ghari and other Surati delicacies, then head to Dumas where they have dinner/late night snack under full moon.
Most major Indian festivals such as Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi are celebrated here with enthusiasm. The kite-flying festival of Makar Sankranti is especially popular in the city. Surtis are very fond of drinking though Gujarat is a dry state, and they leave no stone unturned for drinking. The favourable hangouts are Daman and Goa.
Education
Most of the schools in the area have Gujarati as the medium of instruction, and there are a number of English medium schools as well. St. Xaviers and Lourdes Convent are the two Catholic schools in Surat and are often viewed as elite schools though Sir J.J. English school which was once amongst the best has now degraded due to its poor management. Other private schools like the S.V. Rao New Model School continue to have success and often are recognized by the state and local governments. Regardless of medium of instruction, most schools are part of the Gujarat State Education Board. The Seventh Day Adventist school in Athwa Lines is part of the national ICSE board and Delhi Public school, Surat is affiliated to CBSE. There is a school in Surat called Lancers Army School. It is a good school to make children physically and mentally strong. It is affiliated to GBSE and CBSE.
Surat has a large concentration of colleges under the Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in the Athwa Lines area on the banks of the Tapti river. It has a medical college and three engineering colleges, including the prestigious Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, some private colleges like Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology (SCET), and the C K Pithawala College of Engineering and Technology (CKPCET). SCET is one of the few institutions in the country to offer engineering degrees in Surat's main industry, Textiles. The MTB Arts and PT Science colleges are among the oldest in the state of Gujarat with PT Science being the only English Science college in the city. V.T. Choksi Sarvajanik College of Education is another well known educational institution.
Media
Gujarat Samachar, Divya Bhasker, Sandesh and Gujarat Mitra are the most read Surat dailies. Local editions of these newspapers are published in Gujarati. "LOKTEJ" was the first Hindi daily published from Surat.[citation needed]RAJASTHAN PATRIKA is now the top Hindi daily newspaper from Surat. The national dailies Indian Express and The Times of India are the most popular English newspapers. Most cable service providers have local television channels as well.
Surat was likely selected by the Volvo automobile manufacturer in 2006 as the secret location for a buried Volvo XC90 Sport Utility Vehicle. This exclusive limited edition XC90 V8 was built with a "pirates" theme for a joint promotion with Disney's movie "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest," released in the US on July 7 2006. The corporation allegedly secured a 10.2 acre site on the outskirts of the city of Surat in order to bury the SUV. A massive commercial campaign resulted in a global multi-media treasure hunt as millions worldwide competed with one another to be the first to reach the treasure. Thousands of treasure seekers participating in The Hunt discovered this secret location of the treasure, and Volvo selected from these people seven finalists; 3 winners from the US, and one each from Japan, Great Britain and Australia. These finalists competed in a man-on-the-ground search for the treasure at the location in August 2006. It is believed that Surat was chosen as the location for this treasure because of its historical significance as the primary hub of the influential British East India Company, established as early as 1608. The East India Company was an ardent foe of the pirate, as the company's merchant ships were often targeted in the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and other oceans by zealous pirates and privateers in search of their own treasures. Volvo spokesperson Helen Gore stated that the corporation actually considered burying the SUV near the The Pirates of the Caribbean Ride at Disneyland. "It is just a few miles up the 405 from Volvo’s North American headquarters, but this one fell under the category of 'way too obvious'.
Sports
Surat has many sports facilities, the majority of them dedicated to cricket. The Lalbhai Contractor Stadium and the Pithawala Cricket stadium have facilities for hosting cricket matches. In addition, Surat has an indoor stadium, used to host events like badminton & table tennis.
Places of Interest
Dutch Garden :- The ancient Dutch gardens, the Dutch cemetery and Makaipul, the ancient original port from where the ships sailed to other parts of the world are other attractions.
Old Fort :- The Old Fort was built by Muhammed Tughlak in the 14th century to fortify the defence against the Bhils.
Sardar Patel Museum :- About hundred years old this museum has a collection of over 10,000 specimens of arts and crafts.
Rangupavan :- It is an open air theatre with 18 meters by 10.5 meters stage and a capacity of around 4000 spectators. This is one of the biggest theatre in the country.
Dumas & Hajira :- Dumas 16 kms from Surat and Hajira 28 kms from Surat are well known health resorts on the creek of Arabian Sea. Hajira has two wells with water rich in iron and sulphur. The pleasant Hazira beach is fringed by feathery casurina trees.
Vansada National Park :- It is situated in Valsad district is a home to leopards, tigers, panthers and wild boars. The best time to visit is between October to March.
Beaches :- There are a number of beaches near Surat. Only 16 km away, Dumas is a popular resort with locals. Hajira is 28 km from the city and Ubhrat is 42 km out, while Tithal is 108kn away and only five km from Valsad on the Mumbai to Vadodara train line. Twenty-nine km south of Surat, Navsari has been a headquarters for the Parsi community since the earliest days of their settlement in India. Udvada, only 10 km north of Vapi, the station for Daman, has the oldest Parsi sacred fire in India. It is said that the fire was brought from Persia to Diu, on the opposite coast of the Gulf of Cambay, in 700 AD. Sanjan, in the extreme south of the state, is the small port where the Parsis first landed. A pillar marks the spot.
Wednesday, April 18, 2007
Quick Lines to deepen your smile wrinkles
1.. My husband and I divorced over religious differences. He thought he was God and I didn’t.
2.. I don’t suffer from insanity; I enjoy every minute of it.
3.. Some people are alive only because it’s illegal to kill them.
4.. I used to have a handle on life, but it broke.
5.. Don’t take life too seriously; No one gets out alive.
6.. You’re just jealous because the voices only talk to me
7.. Beauty is in the eye of the beer holder.
8.. Earth is the insane asylum for the universe.
9.. I’m not a complete idiot — Some parts are just missing.
10..God must love stupid people; He made so many.
11..The gene pool could use a little chlorine.
12..Consciousness: That annoying time between naps.
13..Ever stop to think, and forget to start again?
14..Being “over the hill” is much better than being under it!
15..Wrinkled Was Not One of the Things I Wanted to Be When I Grew up.
16..Procrastinate Now!
17.. I have an MBA, would you like to see the wine list sir?
18..A hangover is the wrath of grapes.
19..A journey of a thousand miles begins with a cash advance
20..Stupidity is not a handicap. Park elsewhere!
21..They call it PMS because Mad Cow Disease was already taken.
22..A picture is worth a thousand words, but it uses up three thousand times the memory.
23..Ham and eggs. A day’s work for a chicken, a lifetime commitment for a pig.
24..The trouble with life is there’s no background music.
25..The original point and click interface was a Smith & Wesson.
26..I smile because I don’t know what the hell is going on.
Posted From http://www.shocking.wordpress.com
2.. I don’t suffer from insanity; I enjoy every minute of it.
3.. Some people are alive only because it’s illegal to kill them.
4.. I used to have a handle on life, but it broke.
5.. Don’t take life too seriously; No one gets out alive.
6.. You’re just jealous because the voices only talk to me
7.. Beauty is in the eye of the beer holder.
8.. Earth is the insane asylum for the universe.
9.. I’m not a complete idiot — Some parts are just missing.
10..God must love stupid people; He made so many.
11..The gene pool could use a little chlorine.
12..Consciousness: That annoying time between naps.
13..Ever stop to think, and forget to start again?
14..Being “over the hill” is much better than being under it!
15..Wrinkled Was Not One of the Things I Wanted to Be When I Grew up.
16..Procrastinate Now!
17.. I have an MBA, would you like to see the wine list sir?
18..A hangover is the wrath of grapes.
19..A journey of a thousand miles begins with a cash advance
20..Stupidity is not a handicap. Park elsewhere!
21..They call it PMS because Mad Cow Disease was already taken.
22..A picture is worth a thousand words, but it uses up three thousand times the memory.
23..Ham and eggs. A day’s work for a chicken, a lifetime commitment for a pig.
24..The trouble with life is there’s no background music.
25..The original point and click interface was a Smith & Wesson.
26..I smile because I don’t know what the hell is going on.
Posted From http://www.shocking.wordpress.com
Great Software Quotes....!!!!! Enjoy It
UNIX is simple. But It just needs a genius to understand its simplicity.
–Dennis Ritchie
Before software can be reusable, it first has to be usable.
–Ralph Johnson
Good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment.
–Fred Brooks
Theory is when you know something, but it doesn’t work. Practice is when something works, but you don’t know why it works. Programmers combine theory and practice: Nothing works and they don’t know why.
It’s hard enough to find an error in your code when you’re looking for it; it’s even harder when you’ve assumed your code is error-free.
-Steve McConnell Code Complete
If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker that came along would destroy civilization.
-Gerald Weinberg
The Six Phases of a Project:
Enthusiasm
Disillusionment
Panic
Search for the Guilty
Punishment of the Innocent
Praise for non-participants
Good code is its own best documentation. As you’re about to add a comment, ask yourself, ‘How can I improve the code so that this comment isn’t needed?’
Improve the code and then document it to make it even clearer.
–Steve McConnell Code Complete
The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.
–Bertrand Russell
No matter how slick (efficient) the demo is in rehearsal, when you do it in front of a live audience the probability of a flawless presentation is inversely proportional to the number of people watching, raised to the power of the amount of money involved.
One of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire was that, lacking zero, they had no way to indicate successful termination of their C programs.
–Robert Firth
Fifty years of programming language research and we end up with C++?
–Richard A. O’Keefe
C programmers never die. They are just cast into void.
If debugging is the process of removing bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them in.
–Edsger Dijkstra
You can either have software quality or you can have pointer arithmetic, but you cannot have both at the same time.
–(Bertrand Meyer)
(Thoughtful…)
There are two ways to write error-free programs; only the third works.
–Alan J. Perlis
Measuring programming progress by lines of code is like measuring aircraft building progress by weight.
–Bill Gates
The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 10% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.
–Tom Cargill
Programmers are in a race with the Universe to create bigger and better idiot-proof programs, while the Universe is trying to create bigger and better idiots. So far the Universe is winning.
–Anon
As soon as we started programming, we found to our surprise that it wasn’t as easy to get programs right as we had thought. Debugging had to be discovered. I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs.
–Maurice Wilkes discovers debugging, 1949
I did say something along the lines of “C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder, but when you do, it blows your whole leg off.”
–Bjarne Stroustrup
It has been said that the great scientific disciplines are examples of giants standing on the shoulders of other giants. It has also been said that the software industry is an example of midgets standing on the toes of other midgets.
–Alan Cooper About Face
Computers are dumb and yet they give you answers.
–Pablo Picasso
If the code and the comments disagree, then both are probably wrong.
–attributed to Norm Schryer
Even if you’re on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there.
–Will Rogers
Einstein argued that there must be simplified explanations of nature, because God is not capricious or arbitrary. No such faith comforts the software engineer .
–Fred Brooks, Jr.
As we said in the preface to the first edition, C “wears well as one’s experience with it grows.” With a decade more experience, we still feel that way.
–Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
Simplicity is prerequisite for reliability
–Edsger W.Dijkstra
I’ve finally learned what “upward compatible” means. It means we get to keep all our old mistakes.
–Dennie van Tassel
Rules of Optimization:
Rule 1: Don’t do it.
Rule 2 (for experts only): Don’t do it yet.
–M.A. Jackson
Most software today is very much like an Egyptian pyramid with millions of bricks piled on top of each other, with no structural integrity, but just done by brute force and thousands of slaves.
–Alan Kay
Every program has (at least) two purposes:
the one for which it was written,
and another for which it wasn’t.
–Alan J. Perlis
Technology is dominated by two types of people:
Those who understand what they do not manage.
Those who manage what they do not understand.
–Putt’s Law
Copy and paste is a design error
–David Parnas
Any code of your own that you haven’t looked at for six or more months might as well have been written by someone else.
–Eagleson’s law
Posted From http://www.shocking.wordpress.com
–Dennis Ritchie
Before software can be reusable, it first has to be usable.
–Ralph Johnson
Good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment.
–Fred Brooks
Theory is when you know something, but it doesn’t work. Practice is when something works, but you don’t know why it works. Programmers combine theory and practice: Nothing works and they don’t know why.
It’s hard enough to find an error in your code when you’re looking for it; it’s even harder when you’ve assumed your code is error-free.
-Steve McConnell Code Complete
If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker that came along would destroy civilization.
-Gerald Weinberg
The Six Phases of a Project:
Enthusiasm
Disillusionment
Panic
Search for the Guilty
Punishment of the Innocent
Praise for non-participants
Good code is its own best documentation. As you’re about to add a comment, ask yourself, ‘How can I improve the code so that this comment isn’t needed?’
Improve the code and then document it to make it even clearer.
–Steve McConnell Code Complete
The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.
–Bertrand Russell
No matter how slick (efficient) the demo is in rehearsal, when you do it in front of a live audience the probability of a flawless presentation is inversely proportional to the number of people watching, raised to the power of the amount of money involved.
One of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire was that, lacking zero, they had no way to indicate successful termination of their C programs.
–Robert Firth
Fifty years of programming language research and we end up with C++?
–Richard A. O’Keefe
C programmers never die. They are just cast into void.
If debugging is the process of removing bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them in.
–Edsger Dijkstra
You can either have software quality or you can have pointer arithmetic, but you cannot have both at the same time.
–(Bertrand Meyer)
(Thoughtful…)
There are two ways to write error-free programs; only the third works.
–Alan J. Perlis
Measuring programming progress by lines of code is like measuring aircraft building progress by weight.
–Bill Gates
The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 10% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.
–Tom Cargill
Programmers are in a race with the Universe to create bigger and better idiot-proof programs, while the Universe is trying to create bigger and better idiots. So far the Universe is winning.
–Anon
As soon as we started programming, we found to our surprise that it wasn’t as easy to get programs right as we had thought. Debugging had to be discovered. I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs.
–Maurice Wilkes discovers debugging, 1949
I did say something along the lines of “C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder, but when you do, it blows your whole leg off.”
–Bjarne Stroustrup
It has been said that the great scientific disciplines are examples of giants standing on the shoulders of other giants. It has also been said that the software industry is an example of midgets standing on the toes of other midgets.
–Alan Cooper About Face
Computers are dumb and yet they give you answers.
–Pablo Picasso
If the code and the comments disagree, then both are probably wrong.
–attributed to Norm Schryer
Even if you’re on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there.
–Will Rogers
Einstein argued that there must be simplified explanations of nature, because God is not capricious or arbitrary. No such faith comforts the software engineer .
–Fred Brooks, Jr.
As we said in the preface to the first edition, C “wears well as one’s experience with it grows.” With a decade more experience, we still feel that way.
–Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
Simplicity is prerequisite for reliability
–Edsger W.Dijkstra
I’ve finally learned what “upward compatible” means. It means we get to keep all our old mistakes.
–Dennie van Tassel
Rules of Optimization:
Rule 1: Don’t do it.
Rule 2 (for experts only): Don’t do it yet.
–M.A. Jackson
Most software today is very much like an Egyptian pyramid with millions of bricks piled on top of each other, with no structural integrity, but just done by brute force and thousands of slaves.
–Alan Kay
Every program has (at least) two purposes:
the one for which it was written,
and another for which it wasn’t.
–Alan J. Perlis
Technology is dominated by two types of people:
Those who understand what they do not manage.
Those who manage what they do not understand.
–Putt’s Law
Copy and paste is a design error
–David Parnas
Any code of your own that you haven’t looked at for six or more months might as well have been written by someone else.
–Eagleson’s law
Posted From http://www.shocking.wordpress.com
Monday, April 16, 2007
A Different Sardar
A Sardarji and his wife are traveling by car from Key West to Boston. After almost twenty-four hours on the road, they're too tired to continue,and they decide to stop for a rest. They stop at a nice hotel and take a room, but they only plan to sleep for four hours and then get back on the road.
When they check out four hours later, the desk clerk hands them a bill for $350. The Sardarji explodes and demands to know why the charge is so high. He tells the clerk although it's a nice hotel, the rooms certainly aren't worth $350. When the clerk tells him $350 is the standard rate, the Sardar insists on speaking to the Manager.
The Manager appears, listens to the Sardarji, and then explains that the hotel has an Olympic-sized pool and a huge conference center that were available for the husband and wife to use.
But we didn't use them", the Sardarji complains.
Well, they are here, and you could have," explains the Manager.
He goes on to explain they could have taken in one of the shows for which the hotel is famous. "The best entertainers from New York, Hollywood and Las Vegas perform here," the Manager says But we didn't go to any of those shows," sardarji complains again .
"Well, we have them, and you could have", the Manager replies. No matter what facility the Manager mentions, the sardarji replies "But we didn't use it"
The Manager is unmoved, and eventually the Sardarji finally gives up and agrees to pay. He writes a check and gives it to the Manager.
The Manager is surprised when the looks at the check. "But sir," he says, "this check is only made out for $1.00"
"That's right," says the sardarji, "I charged you $349 for sleeping with my wife."
"But I didn't!" exclaims the Manager. "Well," the Sardarji replies, "she was here, and you could have."
When they check out four hours later, the desk clerk hands them a bill for $350. The Sardarji explodes and demands to know why the charge is so high. He tells the clerk although it's a nice hotel, the rooms certainly aren't worth $350. When the clerk tells him $350 is the standard rate, the Sardar insists on speaking to the Manager.
The Manager appears, listens to the Sardarji, and then explains that the hotel has an Olympic-sized pool and a huge conference center that were available for the husband and wife to use.
But we didn't use them", the Sardarji complains.
Well, they are here, and you could have," explains the Manager.
He goes on to explain they could have taken in one of the shows for which the hotel is famous. "The best entertainers from New York, Hollywood and Las Vegas perform here," the Manager says But we didn't go to any of those shows," sardarji complains again .
"Well, we have them, and you could have", the Manager replies. No matter what facility the Manager mentions, the sardarji replies "But we didn't use it"
The Manager is unmoved, and eventually the Sardarji finally gives up and agrees to pay. He writes a check and gives it to the Manager.
The Manager is surprised when the looks at the check. "But sir," he says, "this check is only made out for $1.00"
"That's right," says the sardarji, "I charged you $349 for sleeping with my wife."
"But I didn't!" exclaims the Manager. "Well," the Sardarji replies, "she was here, and you could have."
Gujarat Vidyapith where students learn science with Gandhian software
(Educational and Research institutions in a state give strong foundation to its vision. It provides infrastructural solid support to ideas, which are nothing than figment of imagination unless provided backbone of institutionalization to get right form and shape to act in a society. Gujarat has plenty of such organizations, which are of national and international standing. This link will have such organizations with regular updates about them. You can send information about such organizations based in Gujarat: Yogesh Sharma)
Gandhi just did not criticise someone. He did not demolish an idea or theory without offering an alternative, a rational and viable alternative. That's what makes Gandhi different from others. Gandhi had his views for everything. That is what is called Gandhian philosophy.
When Gandhi opposed british rule, he provided answer to its education system. Against three Rs of British education system, he gave three H- an education system, which coordinates Head, Heart and hands. Not only theory, but practical aspect also.With this he set up Gujarat Vidyapith at what is now known as Ashram road in the heart of Ahmedabad city.
Here one can find Khadi clad students learning computer applications. Khadi is compulsory. General prayer and spinning of charkha, which symbolizes Gandhian philosophy are still part of daily life of every student and staff of Vidyapith. Though the building and other infrastructure of the institution is getting a modern facelift, in the heart of Vidyapith it is Gandhi only.
The Gujarat Vidyapith was founded by Mahatma Gandhi on 18th October 18 1920. Gujarat Vidyapith is a deemed university since 1963. It is funded by the U.G.C. (University Grants Commission) for higher education programs.
The main objective of the Gujarat Vidyapith is to conduct experiments in various fields of education with a view to develop the application of Gandhian thought.
It was started as Rashtriya Vidyapith (National Institute of University Education) during the Non-cooperative Movement. Mahatma Gandhi remained its life-long chancellor.
The Institute imparts higher education with an integrated system of education teaching from the Nursery to the Doctorate level. The integrated system of education is based on Gandhian principles of truth and non-violence, participation in productive work with a sense of dignity of labour, acceptance of equality of religions, priority for the need of villages dwellers in all curricula and use of mother-tongue as a medium of instructions.
Accordingly, the education system of Gujarat Vidyapith includes regular participation in community work, residential life, social service, community prayers, simple and self-reliant living, study tours and field studies, Hand spinning and training in Craft Work.
The program of education has been linked with the national needs of rural uplift with a view to promote education conductive to the grass - root levels of the society.
Stress is being laid on Vocational Training (Audyogic Shikshan) also in Vidyapith and only such occupations, which conducive to the nation are taught.
Majority of funds of Vidyapith and large number of its teachers are primarily employed in propagation of national education in villages. In laying down the priorities of education, the needs of the village-dwellers have principal consideration.
For the spiritual development of the pupils, knowledge of religion is imparted in consonance with truth and non-violence.
For more information log on to http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/
Gandhi just did not criticise someone. He did not demolish an idea or theory without offering an alternative, a rational and viable alternative. That's what makes Gandhi different from others. Gandhi had his views for everything. That is what is called Gandhian philosophy.
When Gandhi opposed british rule, he provided answer to its education system. Against three Rs of British education system, he gave three H- an education system, which coordinates Head, Heart and hands. Not only theory, but practical aspect also.With this he set up Gujarat Vidyapith at what is now known as Ashram road in the heart of Ahmedabad city.
Here one can find Khadi clad students learning computer applications. Khadi is compulsory. General prayer and spinning of charkha, which symbolizes Gandhian philosophy are still part of daily life of every student and staff of Vidyapith. Though the building and other infrastructure of the institution is getting a modern facelift, in the heart of Vidyapith it is Gandhi only.
The Gujarat Vidyapith was founded by Mahatma Gandhi on 18th October 18 1920. Gujarat Vidyapith is a deemed university since 1963. It is funded by the U.G.C. (University Grants Commission) for higher education programs.
The main objective of the Gujarat Vidyapith is to conduct experiments in various fields of education with a view to develop the application of Gandhian thought.
It was started as Rashtriya Vidyapith (National Institute of University Education) during the Non-cooperative Movement. Mahatma Gandhi remained its life-long chancellor.
The Institute imparts higher education with an integrated system of education teaching from the Nursery to the Doctorate level. The integrated system of education is based on Gandhian principles of truth and non-violence, participation in productive work with a sense of dignity of labour, acceptance of equality of religions, priority for the need of villages dwellers in all curricula and use of mother-tongue as a medium of instructions.
Accordingly, the education system of Gujarat Vidyapith includes regular participation in community work, residential life, social service, community prayers, simple and self-reliant living, study tours and field studies, Hand spinning and training in Craft Work.
The program of education has been linked with the national needs of rural uplift with a view to promote education conductive to the grass - root levels of the society.
Stress is being laid on Vocational Training (Audyogic Shikshan) also in Vidyapith and only such occupations, which conducive to the nation are taught.
Majority of funds of Vidyapith and large number of its teachers are primarily employed in propagation of national education in villages. In laying down the priorities of education, the needs of the village-dwellers have principal consideration.
For the spiritual development of the pupils, knowledge of religion is imparted in consonance with truth and non-violence.
For more information log on to http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/
World’s largest pumping station starts operations in Gujarat
The world’s largest water pumping station by volume’ started its operation by releasing 230 cubic meters of water per second (cumecs) into the parched Saurashtra region of the State on Tuesday. This would also provide drinking water to more than 4500 villages. It would also produce 30 MW electricity through the three hydro power plants.
This will increase to 410 cumecs after expansion of phases III and IV, with the total five-station system pumping 5,40,000 lakh litres of water per day into Saurashtra when completed. It will irrigate 5.4 lakh hectares of area in Saurashtra that constitutes about one-third of the total command area of the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP). In addition, 4,620 villages and towns in the region would get drinking water supply.
The feat of lifting 230 cubic meters of water per second to a height of 71 m against the steep gradient of the Saurashtra peninsula in five stages will be achieved using 16 high tension concrete and vertical motors, and a siphon system that has been patented in the US by manufacturers Kirloskar Brothers Limited.
Chief Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the phase I and II of the Saurashtra system of the Narmada project at Kadu chainage of the Saurashtra Branch Canal (SBC) in Surendranagar district.
This will increase to 410 cumecs after expansion of phases III and IV, with the total five-station system pumping 5,40,000 lakh litres of water per day into Saurashtra when completed. It will irrigate 5.4 lakh hectares of area in Saurashtra that constitutes about one-third of the total command area of the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP). In addition, 4,620 villages and towns in the region would get drinking water supply.
The feat of lifting 230 cubic meters of water per second to a height of 71 m against the steep gradient of the Saurashtra peninsula in five stages will be achieved using 16 high tension concrete and vertical motors, and a siphon system that has been patented in the US by manufacturers Kirloskar Brothers Limited.
Chief Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the phase I and II of the Saurashtra system of the Narmada project at Kadu chainage of the Saurashtra Branch Canal (SBC) in Surendranagar district.
Wednesday, April 11, 2007
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to think before you speak to me!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
my presence ever makes you feel uncomfortable!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to thank me for everything i do for you!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to say sorry for everything
that you don't do!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to ask me for favors!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think i would not be curious to
know your new philosophy of life!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you go by what i say and do not understand
what i don't say!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think that listening to your dreams
would put me to sleep!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think that seeing you in pain, would
not bring a tear to me!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think I do not remember the first time
we met!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you don't see the thousand ways I try to
make you happy!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you don't realiz
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to think before you speak to me!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
my presence ever makes you feel uncomfortable!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to thank me for everything i do for you!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to say sorry for everything
that you don't do!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you have to ask me for favors!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think i would not be curious to
know your new philosophy of life!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you go by what i say and do not understand
what i don't say!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think that listening to your dreams
would put me to sleep!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think that seeing you in pain, would
not bring a tear to me!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you think I do not remember the first time
we met!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you don't see the thousand ways I try to
make you happy!
I AM NOT YOUR FRIEND IF.....
you don't realiz
wat is luv actually
wat is luv actually
If you love some one because you think that he or she is really
gorgeous ....then it's not love .. it's "Infatuation"
If you love some one because you think that you shouldn't leave him
because others think that you shouldn't ... then it's not love..it's
"Compromise"
If you love some one because you have been kissed by him ... then it's
not love.. it's "Inferiority complex"
If you love some one because you cannot leave him thinking that it
would hurt his feelings ... then it's not love .. it's "Charity"
If you love some one because you share every thing with him ... then
it's not love... it's "Friendship"
BUT
If you feel the pain of the other person more than him even when he is
stable and you cry for him ... that's "LOVE"
If you get attracted to other people but stay with him without any
regrets... that's "LOVE"
If you let him go knowing that he has to go but he doesn't want to ...
that's "LOVE"
If you love some one because you think that he or she is really
gorgeous ....then it's not love .. it's "Infatuation"
If you love some one because you think that you shouldn't leave him
because others think that you shouldn't ... then it's not love..it's
"Compromise"
If you love some one because you have been kissed by him ... then it's
not love.. it's "Inferiority complex"
If you love some one because you cannot leave him thinking that it
would hurt his feelings ... then it's not love .. it's "Charity"
If you love some one because you share every thing with him ... then
it's not love... it's "Friendship"
BUT
If you feel the pain of the other person more than him even when he is
stable and you cry for him ... that's "LOVE"
If you get attracted to other people but stay with him without any
regrets... that's "LOVE"
If you let him go knowing that he has to go but he doesn't want to ...
that's "LOVE"
kyon chalti hai pawan ?
kyon chalti hai pawan ?
because of evaporation
kyon jhoome hai gagan ?
because of earth's revolution
kyon machalta hai mann ?
because of excessive respiration
na tum janno na hum ?
but i just gave all the answers
kyon aati hai bahar ?
because of change in season
kyon lutata hai kaarar ?
becuase of mental tension
kyon hota hai pyaar ?
because of fatal attraction
na tum janno na hum ?
like i said these are all science phenomena
kyon gum hai har disha ?
because u have lost the sense of direction
kyon hota hai nasha ?
because of drug addiction
kyon aata hai maza?
because of food’s temptation
na tum janno na hum?
I think u r jealous from my intelligence
because of evaporation
kyon jhoome hai gagan ?
because of earth's revolution
kyon machalta hai mann ?
because of excessive respiration
na tum janno na hum ?
but i just gave all the answers
kyon aati hai bahar ?
because of change in season
kyon lutata hai kaarar ?
becuase of mental tension
kyon hota hai pyaar ?
because of fatal attraction
na tum janno na hum ?
like i said these are all science phenomena
kyon gum hai har disha ?
because u have lost the sense of direction
kyon hota hai nasha ?
because of drug addiction
kyon aata hai maza?
because of food’s temptation
na tum janno na hum?
I think u r jealous from my intelligence
Acchar = Onion
Statutory warning:
I'll not be responsible for your state of mind after reading this PJ. So
read at your own risk.
Question : What is the opposite of Achaar...
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No, nooo.. its not Vichaar
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SochoSocho
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Chalo main batata hoon...
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Opposite of Achaar is Onion
Par Kaisse????
Aise :: Achaar = Pickle = pee-kal
Opposite of Pee-kal is Pee-aaj = peeaaaj == Onion....Hence proved!!!!
I know what is going in your head now..??????? ????
I'll not be responsible for your state of mind after reading this PJ. So
read at your own risk.
Question : What is the opposite of Achaar...
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No, nooo.. its not Vichaar
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SochoSocho
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Chalo main batata hoon...
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Opposite of Achaar is Onion
Par Kaisse????
Aise :: Achaar = Pickle = pee-kal
Opposite of Pee-kal is Pee-aaj = peeaaaj == Onion....Hence proved!!!!
I know what is going in your head now..??????? ????
Funny!!!
1) what is the cube of 13?
Its : SUROOR
wandaring how?
thats bcoz....
TERA * TERA * TERA = SUROOR
2) ek aadmi k 6 fingers thi,use log hanuman bulate the...batao kyon?
kyonki uska naam hanuman tha..
3) who was the 1st Indian woman fly abroad?
..........sita with ravan
4) wht did the kangaroo say when she found her baby missing?
…….Aaila!!!!! kisne mera pocket maar liya
5) wht do u call a really colourful tamilian???
Ans: Rangamannar rangrajan
6) n elephant falls in luv wid n ent.but Ant’s parents r against their marrige…guess y??
they gave a solid reason…**Ladke k dat bahar hai**
7)ones sardarji saw a very soni kudi in the market & thought..
……kash k ye meri maa hondi to main v inna sona honda..
8) Full form of MATHS????
Mentally Affected Teacher Harassing Students…
9) what wud u call a girl who never laughs??
Ans: hasina
Q: what is the opposite of Nagpanchmi?
A: Nag did not punch me
Its : SUROOR
wandaring how?
thats bcoz....
TERA * TERA * TERA = SUROOR
2) ek aadmi k 6 fingers thi,use log hanuman bulate the...batao kyon?
kyonki uska naam hanuman tha..
3) who was the 1st Indian woman fly abroad?
..........sita with ravan
4) wht did the kangaroo say when she found her baby missing?
…….Aaila!!!!! kisne mera pocket maar liya
5) wht do u call a really colourful tamilian???
Ans: Rangamannar rangrajan
6) n elephant falls in luv wid n ent.but Ant’s parents r against their marrige…guess y??
they gave a solid reason…**Ladke k dat bahar hai**
7)ones sardarji saw a very soni kudi in the market & thought..
……kash k ye meri maa hondi to main v inna sona honda..
8) Full form of MATHS????
Mentally Affected Teacher Harassing Students…
9) what wud u call a girl who never laughs??
Ans: hasina
Q: what is the opposite of Nagpanchmi?
A: Nag did not punch me
10 most stupid questions people usually ask in obvious situations.
1. At the movies: When you meet acquaintances/friends...
Stupid Question:-
Hey, what are you doing here?
Answer:-
Dont u know, I sell tickets in black over here..
2. In the bus: A heavy lady wearing pointed high-heeled shoes steps on your feet...
Stupid Question:-
Sorry, did that hurt?
Answer:-
No, not at all, I'm on local anesthesia.....why don't you try again.
3. At a funeral: One of the teary-eyed people ask...
Stupid Question:-
Why, why him, of all people.
Answer:-
Why? Would it rather have been you?
4. At a restaurant: When you ask the waiter
Stupid Question:-
Is ! the "Butter Paneer Masala" dish good??
Answer:-
No, its terrible and made of adulterated cement. We occassionaly also spit in it.
5. At a family get-together: When some distant aunt meets you after years...
Stupid Question:-
Munna, Chickoo, you've become so big.
Answer:-
Well you haven't particularly shrunk yourself.
6. When a friend announces her wedding, and you ask...
Stupid Question:-
Is the guy you're marrying good?
Answer:-
No,he's a miserable wife-beating , insensitive lout...it's just the money.
7. When you get woken up at midnight by a phone call...
Stupid Question:-
Sorry. were you sleeping?
Answer:-
No. I was doing research on whether the Zulu tribes in Africa marry or not. You thought I was sleeping....you dumb witted moron.
8. When you see a friend/colleague with evidently shorter hair...
Stupid Question:-
Hey have you had a haircut?
Answer:-
No, its autumn and I'm shedding......
9. At the dentist when he's sticking pointed objects in your mouth...
Stupid Question:-
Tell me if it hurts?
Answer:-
No it wont. It will just bleed.
10. You are smoking a cigarette and a cute woman asks...
Stupid Question:-
Oh, so you smoke.
Answer:-
Gosh, it's a miracle .......it was a piece of chalk and now it's in flames!!!
Stupid Question:-
Hey, what are you doing here?
Answer:-
Dont u know, I sell tickets in black over here..
2. In the bus: A heavy lady wearing pointed high-heeled shoes steps on your feet...
Stupid Question:-
Sorry, did that hurt?
Answer:-
No, not at all, I'm on local anesthesia.....why don't you try again.
3. At a funeral: One of the teary-eyed people ask...
Stupid Question:-
Why, why him, of all people.
Answer:-
Why? Would it rather have been you?
4. At a restaurant: When you ask the waiter
Stupid Question:-
Is ! the "Butter Paneer Masala" dish good??
Answer:-
No, its terrible and made of adulterated cement. We occassionaly also spit in it.
5. At a family get-together: When some distant aunt meets you after years...
Stupid Question:-
Munna, Chickoo, you've become so big.
Answer:-
Well you haven't particularly shrunk yourself.
6. When a friend announces her wedding, and you ask...
Stupid Question:-
Is the guy you're marrying good?
Answer:-
No,he's a miserable wife-beating , insensitive lout...it's just the money.
7. When you get woken up at midnight by a phone call...
Stupid Question:-
Sorry. were you sleeping?
Answer:-
No. I was doing research on whether the Zulu tribes in Africa marry or not. You thought I was sleeping....you dumb witted moron.
8. When you see a friend/colleague with evidently shorter hair...
Stupid Question:-
Hey have you had a haircut?
Answer:-
No, its autumn and I'm shedding......
9. At the dentist when he's sticking pointed objects in your mouth...
Stupid Question:-
Tell me if it hurts?
Answer:-
No it wont. It will just bleed.
10. You are smoking a cigarette and a cute woman asks...
Stupid Question:-
Oh, so you smoke.
Answer:-
Gosh, it's a miracle .......it was a piece of chalk and now it's in flames!!!
Tuesday, April 10, 2007
Use of Regular Expression in Javascript
you need to define the regular expressions that the script will match against your visitors' input:
var fnameRegxp = /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/;
This statement checks that only upper or lowercase case letters, repeated one or more times, pass the validation test, which, unless you’re hoping to send your newsletter to C3PO, should be the case. Remember when I mentioned that regular expressions can still return true if there are incorrect characters present, provided that the correct pattern of characters is somewhere within the string? Putting the circumflex and dollar sign at the beginning and end of the regular expression ensures that this does not happen, and that the string is only valid if it contains just what you’re asking for.
var lnameRegxp = /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/;
var houseRegxp = /^([0-9A-Za-z]+)$/;
These then check that the surname entered is also any upper or lowercase character repeated one or more times, and that the house name consists of just numbers and letters. You could have shortened this to /^([\w]+)$/ using the shorthand escape code for "any word character," but that would allow underscores to be used, which rarely feature in property names.
var pcodeRegxp = /^([A-Za-z]{1,2})([0-9]{2,3})([A-Za-z]{2})$/;
var telnoRegxp = /^([0-9]{11})$/;
I’ve used local examples for the post code (the UK version of a zip code) and telephone regular expressions. UK postcodes are in a format consisting of one or two letters, followed by two or three numbers (depending on the county), and followed again by two letters. It should be easy to see how you could change this to match your own local form of postal or zip code and telephone number formats. The phone number check simply ensures that the correct number of numbers is present. Following these comes the most complex of regular expressions -- those that check for valid email addresses and URLs:
var emailRegxp = /^([\w]+)(.[\w]+)*@([\w]+)(.[\w]{2,3}){1,2}$/;
var urlRegxp = /^(http:\/\/www.|https:\/\/www.|ftp:\/\/www.|www.){1}([\w]+)(.[\w]+)/;
Due to sub-domains, there may be any number of characters and dots preceding the @ sign. The first of these expressions says that any word character displayed one or more times can then be followed by a dot, then any number of word characters displayed zero or more times, followed by the @ symbol, followed by any word character displayed one or more times, followed by a dot and two or three word characters repeated at least once but no more than twice, so email addresses ending in .com or .co.uk will pass, whereas .co.uk.com would fail. Similarly, the URL may begin with either http://www. or https://www. or ftp://www. or just www. once followed by any word character one or more times, followed by a dot and any number of word characters at least once but no more than twice.
Finally, the date of birth check allows dates in the format dd/mm/yyyy or dd-mm-yyyy, both formats being equally as popular:
var dobRegxp = /^([0-9]){2}(\/|-){1}([0-9]){2}(\/|-)([0-9]){4}$/;
We then need to actually test that each of the values submitted are in the correct format. I accomplished this by using a series of nested if statements and alerts. This method is useful for demonstration and testing purposes, although in reality, a for…next loop would probably be more efficient, and some kind of color highlighting scheme that would flag the erroneous input values a different color, say red, on the form itself would be more professional. The example if statements and alerts however, can be constructed as follows:
if (fnameRegxp.test(fname) != true)
alert("First name appears to be incorrect");
if (lnameRegxp.test(lname) != true)
alert("Last name appears to be incorrect");
if (houseRegxp.test(house) != true)
alert("Address 1 appears to be incorrect");
if (pcodeRegxp.test(pcode) != true)
alert("Address 2 appears to be incorrect");
if (telnoRegxp.test(telno) != true)
alert("Telephone number appears to be incorrect");
if (emailRegxp.test(email) != true)
alert("Email address appears to be incorrect");
if (email != verEmail)
alert("Email appears to be incorrect");
if (urlRegxp.test(url) != true)
alert("URL appears to be incorrect");
if (dobRegxp.test(dob) != true)
alert("Date of Birth appears to be incorrect");
Notice that instead of using a regular expression to check that the second email address entered (that should be the same as the first for verification purposes) is correct, we simply check that its value is exactly the same as the first email address entered.
Finally, if all of the data is in the correct format, we need this program to output a "Data Correct" alert and change the value of the action property of the form to the name of the cgi function that will process the data. Once again, against a professional backdrop, the true alert would probably be removed in favor of a fresh page thanking the visitor for their time, but this is useful for demonstration and
testing purposes:
else {
alert("Data Correct");
document.myForm.action.value = "process.cgi";
}
}
Another benefit to using regular expressions to validate user input is that any fields that are checked against a regular expression fail if the field is left blank, so you don’t have to write any separate omission checking functions.
Explaining regular expressions is almost as difficult as coding them. It will be far easier for you to see what I mean by writing and playing around with them yourself. Unfortunately, it is not possible to be 100 percent certain that all information entered is correct, but with regular expressions you can at least be sure that 99 percent of the data is correct.
Although this may seem like a cumbersome amount of code, without regular expressions, it would be ten times as long. Using client-side validation is not the securest way to validate your forms, but it may save processing time on your server by ensuring that only correct data is passed to it in the first place. Other than that, JavaScript is both quick and easy to implement and the regular expressions subset of the language is simpler than that of some of the more powerful Web programming languages, so for sites that don’t need maximum security, it is certainly worth considering.
var fnameRegxp = /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/;
This statement checks that only upper or lowercase case letters, repeated one or more times, pass the validation test, which, unless you’re hoping to send your newsletter to C3PO, should be the case. Remember when I mentioned that regular expressions can still return true if there are incorrect characters present, provided that the correct pattern of characters is somewhere within the string? Putting the circumflex and dollar sign at the beginning and end of the regular expression ensures that this does not happen, and that the string is only valid if it contains just what you’re asking for.
var lnameRegxp = /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/;
var houseRegxp = /^([0-9A-Za-z]+)$/;
These then check that the surname entered is also any upper or lowercase character repeated one or more times, and that the house name consists of just numbers and letters. You could have shortened this to /^([\w]+)$/ using the shorthand escape code for "any word character," but that would allow underscores to be used, which rarely feature in property names.
var pcodeRegxp = /^([A-Za-z]{1,2})([0-9]{2,3})([A-Za-z]{2})$/;
var telnoRegxp = /^([0-9]{11})$/;
I’ve used local examples for the post code (the UK version of a zip code) and telephone regular expressions. UK postcodes are in a format consisting of one or two letters, followed by two or three numbers (depending on the county), and followed again by two letters. It should be easy to see how you could change this to match your own local form of postal or zip code and telephone number formats. The phone number check simply ensures that the correct number of numbers is present. Following these comes the most complex of regular expressions -- those that check for valid email addresses and URLs:
var emailRegxp = /^([\w]+)(.[\w]+)*@([\w]+)(.[\w]{2,3}){1,2}$/;
var urlRegxp = /^(http:\/\/www.|https:\/\/www.|ftp:\/\/www.|www.){1}([\w]+)(.[\w]+)/;
Due to sub-domains, there may be any number of characters and dots preceding the @ sign. The first of these expressions says that any word character displayed one or more times can then be followed by a dot, then any number of word characters displayed zero or more times, followed by the @ symbol, followed by any word character displayed one or more times, followed by a dot and two or three word characters repeated at least once but no more than twice, so email addresses ending in .com or .co.uk will pass, whereas .co.uk.com would fail. Similarly, the URL may begin with either http://www. or https://www. or ftp://www. or just www. once followed by any word character one or more times, followed by a dot and any number of word characters at least once but no more than twice.
Finally, the date of birth check allows dates in the format dd/mm/yyyy or dd-mm-yyyy, both formats being equally as popular:
var dobRegxp = /^([0-9]){2}(\/|-){1}([0-9]){2}(\/|-)([0-9]){4}$/;
We then need to actually test that each of the values submitted are in the correct format. I accomplished this by using a series of nested if statements and alerts. This method is useful for demonstration and testing purposes, although in reality, a for…next loop would probably be more efficient, and some kind of color highlighting scheme that would flag the erroneous input values a different color, say red, on the form itself would be more professional. The example if statements and alerts however, can be constructed as follows:
if (fnameRegxp.test(fname) != true)
alert("First name appears to be incorrect");
if (lnameRegxp.test(lname) != true)
alert("Last name appears to be incorrect");
if (houseRegxp.test(house) != true)
alert("Address 1 appears to be incorrect");
if (pcodeRegxp.test(pcode) != true)
alert("Address 2 appears to be incorrect");
if (telnoRegxp.test(telno) != true)
alert("Telephone number appears to be incorrect");
if (emailRegxp.test(email) != true)
alert("Email address appears to be incorrect");
if (email != verEmail)
alert("Email appears to be incorrect");
if (urlRegxp.test(url) != true)
alert("URL appears to be incorrect");
if (dobRegxp.test(dob) != true)
alert("Date of Birth appears to be incorrect");
Notice that instead of using a regular expression to check that the second email address entered (that should be the same as the first for verification purposes) is correct, we simply check that its value is exactly the same as the first email address entered.
Finally, if all of the data is in the correct format, we need this program to output a "Data Correct" alert and change the value of the action property of the form to the name of the cgi function that will process the data. Once again, against a professional backdrop, the true alert would probably be removed in favor of a fresh page thanking the visitor for their time, but this is useful for demonstration and
testing purposes:
else {
alert("Data Correct");
document.myForm.action.value = "process.cgi";
}
}
Another benefit to using regular expressions to validate user input is that any fields that are checked against a regular expression fail if the field is left blank, so you don’t have to write any separate omission checking functions.
Explaining regular expressions is almost as difficult as coding them. It will be far easier for you to see what I mean by writing and playing around with them yourself. Unfortunately, it is not possible to be 100 percent certain that all information entered is correct, but with regular expressions you can at least be sure that 99 percent of the data is correct.
Although this may seem like a cumbersome amount of code, without regular expressions, it would be ten times as long. Using client-side validation is not the securest way to validate your forms, but it may save processing time on your server by ensuring that only correct data is passed to it in the first place. Other than that, JavaScript is both quick and easy to implement and the regular expressions subset of the language is simpler than that of some of the more powerful Web programming languages, so for sites that don’t need maximum security, it is certainly worth considering.
LOOK WHAT GOD SAID ABOUT INDIA
LOOK WHAT GOD SAID ABOUT INDIA
God was in the process of creating the universe.
And he was explaining his subordinates ..........
"Look everything should be in balance.
For example, after every 10 deers, there should be a lion
Look here my fellow angels,
Here is the country of the United States.
I have blessed them with prosperity and money.
But at the same time
I have given them insecurity and tension....
And here is Africa. I have given them beautiful nature.
But at the same time,
I have given them climatic extremes....
And here is South America.
I have given them lots of Forests.
But at the same time,
I have given them lesser land so that they would have to
cut off the forests..
So you see fellows, everything should be in balance.
One of the angels asked...
"God, what is this extremely beautiful country here?"
God said....... "Aha!!...that is the crown piece of all.
"INDIA",
my most precious creation.
It has understanding and friendly people.
Sparkling streams, serene mountains.
A culture which speaks of the great
tradition that they live.
Technologically brilliant and with a heart of gold......
The angel was quite surprised,
"But god you said everything should be in balance.
God replied
"Look at the neighbors I gave them."
!!!!!VANDE MATARAM!!!!!!
God was in the process of creating the universe.
And he was explaining his subordinates ..........
"Look everything should be in balance.
For example, after every 10 deers, there should be a lion
Look here my fellow angels,
Here is the country of the United States.
I have blessed them with prosperity and money.
But at the same time
I have given them insecurity and tension....
And here is Africa. I have given them beautiful nature.
But at the same time,
I have given them climatic extremes....
And here is South America.
I have given them lots of Forests.
But at the same time,
I have given them lesser land so that they would have to
cut off the forests..
So you see fellows, everything should be in balance.
One of the angels asked...
"God, what is this extremely beautiful country here?"
God said....... "Aha!!...that is the crown piece of all.
"INDIA",
my most precious creation.
It has understanding and friendly people.
Sparkling streams, serene mountains.
A culture which speaks of the great
tradition that they live.
Technologically brilliant and with a heart of gold......
The angel was quite surprised,
"But god you said everything should be in balance.
God replied
"Look at the neighbors I gave them."
!!!!!VANDE MATARAM!!!!!!
What is Love!!!!
If you love some one because you think that he or she is really gorgeous ....then it's not love .. it's "Infatuation"
If you love some one because you think that you shouldn't leave him because others think that you shouldn't ... then it's not love.. it's "Compromise"
If you love some one because you have been kissed by him ... then it's not love.. it's "Inferiority complex"
If you love some one because you cannot leave him thinking that it would hurt his feelings .. then it's not love .. it's "Charity"
If you love some one because you share every thing with him ... then it's not love... it's "Friendship"
BUT...
If you feel the pain of the other person more than him even when he is stable and you cry for him ... that's "LOVE"
If you get attracted to other people but stay with him without any regrets... that's "LOVE"
If you let him go knowing that he has to go but he doesn't want to ... that's "LOVE"..........
If you love some one because you think that you shouldn't leave him because others think that you shouldn't ... then it's not love.. it's "Compromise"
If you love some one because you have been kissed by him ... then it's not love.. it's "Inferiority complex"
If you love some one because you cannot leave him thinking that it would hurt his feelings .. then it's not love .. it's "Charity"
If you love some one because you share every thing with him ... then it's not love... it's "Friendship"
BUT...
If you feel the pain of the other person more than him even when he is stable and you cry for him ... that's "LOVE"
If you get attracted to other people but stay with him without any regrets... that's "LOVE"
If you let him go knowing that he has to go but he doesn't want to ... that's "LOVE"..........
Girls won't change
Do you know the relationship between two eyes..? they blink together,
they move together, they cry together, they see things together and they
sleep together BUT THEY NEVER SEE EACH OTHER.. that's what's friendship
But when a beautiful girl comes in front, one eye goes blink and the
other remains open........................................
Moral of the story : Girls can break even the best of friendships
they move together, they cry together, they see things together and they
sleep together BUT THEY NEVER SEE EACH OTHER.. that's what's friendship
But when a beautiful girl comes in front, one eye goes blink and the
other remains open........................................
Moral of the story : Girls can break even the best of friendships
Monday, April 9, 2007
Family Problem
Two men, one American and an Indian were sitting in a bar drinking shot after shot.
The Indian man said to the American,"You know my parents are forcing e to get married to this so called homely girl from a village whom I haven't even met once. We call this arranged marriage.I don't want to marry a woman whom I don't love…I told them that openly and now have a hell lot of family problems."
The American said, "Talking about love marriages…I'll tell you my story. I married a widow whom I deeply loved and dated for 3 years. "After a couple of years, my father fell in love with my step-daughter and so my father became my son-in-law and I became my father's father-in-law. My daughter is my mother and my wife my grandmother. More problems occurred when I had a son. My son is my father's brother and so he my uncle. Situations turned worse when my father had a son. Now my father's son i.e. my brother is my grandson. Ultimately, I have become my own grandfather and I am my own grandson. And you say you have family problems..
The Indian man said to the American,"You know my parents are forcing e to get married to this so called homely girl from a village whom I haven't even met once. We call this arranged marriage.I don't want to marry a woman whom I don't love…I told them that openly and now have a hell lot of family problems."
The American said, "Talking about love marriages…I'll tell you my story. I married a widow whom I deeply loved and dated for 3 years. "After a couple of years, my father fell in love with my step-daughter and so my father became my son-in-law and I became my father's father-in-law. My daughter is my mother and my wife my grandmother. More problems occurred when I had a son. My son is my father's brother and so he my uncle. Situations turned worse when my father had a son. Now my father's son i.e. my brother is my grandson. Ultimately, I have become my own grandfather and I am my own grandson. And you say you have family problems..
10 myths & facts about working in the Indian IT industry
10 myths & facts about working in the Indian IT industry
India's booming information technology industry already hires more than a million employees and the numbers are set to grow manifold over the years.
Yet, the Indian IT sector, which has brought India on the global map (far removed from the West's perception of India being the land of diseases, poverty and snake charmers), is still grappling with the issue of high-end and low-end jobs and seeking out ways to go up the value chain.
Here are the 10 myths and facts about IT industry that you must know.
Myth #1: Company A has offered more salary than Company B, so it is better than Company B.
Fact: A bigger salary does not always mean better job-satisfaction. Big companies (with good cash flows) can afford to give more salaries than other relatively mid-sized or small companies or start-ups.
Also some companies outsource loss-making units or less revenue-generating product and maintenance work to India to cut costs, so job satisfaction for someone more interested in work content than the money is going to feel low.
For start-ups and small companies, salaries might not be very good, but they might offer stock options or bonus to compensate for this. Also work content in these companies might be better than big companies.
Some venture capitalists in the United States, when looking to fund start-ups, have begun to ask those companies whether they have an India-specific plan. Since these companies work on new/innovative products, work content is likely to be good.
Myth #2: Let me join Company A. If I don't like it, I will leave it and find a better job elsewhere.
Fact: Unless you are very clear about your goals and ambition you will keep changing jobs time and again. The best thing is to decide what you want to do quite early on in your career.
However, this seems a daunting task. This is true for someone with less than 3-4 years' experience and has no idea about the industry and what one wants to do. In addition, most of the companies hiring from campuses do not decide in advance what project the selected candidates will be working on. Later on, when works get assigned it does not match one's ambitions.
Also, most institutes/colleges put restriction on the number of job offers one can accept, so the selection of companies is not by choice. However, if you have joined a company that works on specific areas that are not to your liking then it is best to look out for another.
It is quite difficult for the company to find something that is specific to your interest, as it is beyond its scope. However, for you next job search, you should clearly indicate to your prospective employer that you are looking to work in a specific area (it is advisable to specialise in one domain/work area) and whether the company does that kind of work and you can be involved in that work.
Do not put off asking this after joining as it would be too late by then. It is best to give multiple interviews and decide on the one that best matches your aspirations. Don't let salary be the lone criterion when you make your decision.
Myth #3: Infotech work is more of 'a routine job.' No high-end work gets done in India.
Fact:This might be true in many cases, but the opportunities to work on challenging and complex projects is increasing in India. Currently, very few companies (rough estimate: 10-15%) in India are doing this. If you are the brainy type, seek out such companies. Using the best brain to do routine jobs can lead to job-dissatisfaction soon.
Also, most companies that launch their operations in India tend to give easy assignments in the beginning and you might feel that the job content is quite simple. But the important part is that is once you finish the project to the satisfaction of all stakeholders, the overseas management becomes confident in offshoring more complex work.
If the management is not convinced, then you will continue to do the daily chore. So, the bottomline is that if your team delivers quality product on time, you will get good work in the future.
Myth #4: Only product companies do exciting work.
Fact: The fact is that the typical work content in product companies involves a mix of routine and challenging tasks. In product companies, delivering a quality product is of great importance and as a result a typical product release involves multiple rigorous testing and bug-fixing phase.
This is a typically mundane and repetitive task and not always interesting. But it is important to understand that this is a critical task from company's perspective, as nobody would want to deliver a buggy product in the market and lose customer confidence.
So you cannot just focus on design and coding, and ignore testing and bug-fixing. Not only this, you should be flexible enough to work in any area whether you like it or not. You get both exciting and non-exciting work in the long run.
Myth #5: The Indian IT industry cannot offer the kind of job requirement I am looking for.
Fact: It requires a lot of effort to select the company of your liking. With so many companies setting up shop in India, this has made things even more difficult. Don't follow the principle 'my friend is working there, so I should follow him/her.' The requirement of your friend might be different from yours and you should seek companies that meet your requirement.
For experienced people, it is best to go through recruiters and indicate your exact requirement to them. If the recruiter is good, he will shortlist the companies that meet your expectations. If you find that the recruiter is not going by your interests, look for another recruiter.
Myth #6: I received a mail from a placement service saying that the job openings it has matches my profile.
Fact: Most of the recruiters/placement services send bulk mail to all and sundry. They do not scan resumes properly and just match keyword(s). Personally, I have received mails from recruiters, who say that my profile matches the job they have on offer, but if I look at the opening it does not match at all.
It is best to clear this with the recruiter before you agree to appear for an interview. This saves you the embarrassment of being on the ground that your profile/experience does not match the job profile.
Most companies rely heavily on recruiters for non-fresher openings and if they do not filter the candidate correctly, then most likely HR will not filter it either and call you for an interview!
Myth #7: Working abroad is better than working in Indian companies.
Fact: This might not be always true. If you are going to work as a consultant in the US, you might land up a worse job than what you were doing in India. With the IT doom of 2000 there is a very small pool of highly qualified professionals available in the US and they normally get better jobs than Indian consultants do.
Typically, in product companies, consultants are hired to do less critical work or work that can be done easily. If your expectation is to do high-end work, you will have to wait longer to do it. It is a much better option to obtain a master's degree from top-rated university in the US to bag better jobs.
Product companies usually hire the best brains from these universities to do the challenging work for them. Also the biggest advantage of working overseas is that you get to work with the best brains and learn a lot from them. It typically takes 4-5 years of overseas experience to get a good understanding of the overall execution of software products.
Myth #8: Management ladder is a much better option than technical ladder.
Fact: If you are the kind who loves to be technical, look for an organisation that encourages career growth for core technical work and pays salary at par with management salary for the same zone.
The demand for senior technical and senior architect professionals will grow as more high-end, specialised work gets done in India. Some companies have both managers and architects in the same project.
The manager takes care of the people and project execution, while the architect takes care of all technical aspect of the project. For complex and large projects, it is not possible for the manager to wear, both, the technical and the managerial hats, and hence the need to hire architects to take care of all technical aspects.
If you find the employer saying that you will be doing 20 per cent management and 80 per cent technical work, treat the statement with caution. Most likely it might turn out to be the other way around!
Myth #9: I am working abroad. If I relocate and work in India I won't get the same job satisfaction.
Fact: This is no longer true. The nature of the jobs done in India is as good as that in the US or other countries. The only difference is that the products that are futuristic in nature are not so prevalent in the Indian IT industry. In addition, career growth in India is much better -- and faster -- than overseas.
Myth #10: My satisfaction with the Indian IT industry is not in my hands.
Fact: As stated in the facts to the above myths, you yourself are solely responsible for job satisfaction. You have to research well when making a career plan and ensure you are at the right place.
India's booming information technology industry already hires more than a million employees and the numbers are set to grow manifold over the years.
Yet, the Indian IT sector, which has brought India on the global map (far removed from the West's perception of India being the land of diseases, poverty and snake charmers), is still grappling with the issue of high-end and low-end jobs and seeking out ways to go up the value chain.
Here are the 10 myths and facts about IT industry that you must know.
Myth #1: Company A has offered more salary than Company B, so it is better than Company B.
Fact: A bigger salary does not always mean better job-satisfaction. Big companies (with good cash flows) can afford to give more salaries than other relatively mid-sized or small companies or start-ups.
Also some companies outsource loss-making units or less revenue-generating product and maintenance work to India to cut costs, so job satisfaction for someone more interested in work content than the money is going to feel low.
For start-ups and small companies, salaries might not be very good, but they might offer stock options or bonus to compensate for this. Also work content in these companies might be better than big companies.
Some venture capitalists in the United States, when looking to fund start-ups, have begun to ask those companies whether they have an India-specific plan. Since these companies work on new/innovative products, work content is likely to be good.
Myth #2: Let me join Company A. If I don't like it, I will leave it and find a better job elsewhere.
Fact: Unless you are very clear about your goals and ambition you will keep changing jobs time and again. The best thing is to decide what you want to do quite early on in your career.
However, this seems a daunting task. This is true for someone with less than 3-4 years' experience and has no idea about the industry and what one wants to do. In addition, most of the companies hiring from campuses do not decide in advance what project the selected candidates will be working on. Later on, when works get assigned it does not match one's ambitions.
Also, most institutes/colleges put restriction on the number of job offers one can accept, so the selection of companies is not by choice. However, if you have joined a company that works on specific areas that are not to your liking then it is best to look out for another.
It is quite difficult for the company to find something that is specific to your interest, as it is beyond its scope. However, for you next job search, you should clearly indicate to your prospective employer that you are looking to work in a specific area (it is advisable to specialise in one domain/work area) and whether the company does that kind of work and you can be involved in that work.
Do not put off asking this after joining as it would be too late by then. It is best to give multiple interviews and decide on the one that best matches your aspirations. Don't let salary be the lone criterion when you make your decision.
Myth #3: Infotech work is more of 'a routine job.' No high-end work gets done in India.
Fact:This might be true in many cases, but the opportunities to work on challenging and complex projects is increasing in India. Currently, very few companies (rough estimate: 10-15%) in India are doing this. If you are the brainy type, seek out such companies. Using the best brain to do routine jobs can lead to job-dissatisfaction soon.
Also, most companies that launch their operations in India tend to give easy assignments in the beginning and you might feel that the job content is quite simple. But the important part is that is once you finish the project to the satisfaction of all stakeholders, the overseas management becomes confident in offshoring more complex work.
If the management is not convinced, then you will continue to do the daily chore. So, the bottomline is that if your team delivers quality product on time, you will get good work in the future.
Myth #4: Only product companies do exciting work.
Fact: The fact is that the typical work content in product companies involves a mix of routine and challenging tasks. In product companies, delivering a quality product is of great importance and as a result a typical product release involves multiple rigorous testing and bug-fixing phase.
This is a typically mundane and repetitive task and not always interesting. But it is important to understand that this is a critical task from company's perspective, as nobody would want to deliver a buggy product in the market and lose customer confidence.
So you cannot just focus on design and coding, and ignore testing and bug-fixing. Not only this, you should be flexible enough to work in any area whether you like it or not. You get both exciting and non-exciting work in the long run.
Myth #5: The Indian IT industry cannot offer the kind of job requirement I am looking for.
Fact: It requires a lot of effort to select the company of your liking. With so many companies setting up shop in India, this has made things even more difficult. Don't follow the principle 'my friend is working there, so I should follow him/her.' The requirement of your friend might be different from yours and you should seek companies that meet your requirement.
For experienced people, it is best to go through recruiters and indicate your exact requirement to them. If the recruiter is good, he will shortlist the companies that meet your expectations. If you find that the recruiter is not going by your interests, look for another recruiter.
Myth #6: I received a mail from a placement service saying that the job openings it has matches my profile.
Fact: Most of the recruiters/placement services send bulk mail to all and sundry. They do not scan resumes properly and just match keyword(s). Personally, I have received mails from recruiters, who say that my profile matches the job they have on offer, but if I look at the opening it does not match at all.
It is best to clear this with the recruiter before you agree to appear for an interview. This saves you the embarrassment of being on the ground that your profile/experience does not match the job profile.
Most companies rely heavily on recruiters for non-fresher openings and if they do not filter the candidate correctly, then most likely HR will not filter it either and call you for an interview!
Myth #7: Working abroad is better than working in Indian companies.
Fact: This might not be always true. If you are going to work as a consultant in the US, you might land up a worse job than what you were doing in India. With the IT doom of 2000 there is a very small pool of highly qualified professionals available in the US and they normally get better jobs than Indian consultants do.
Typically, in product companies, consultants are hired to do less critical work or work that can be done easily. If your expectation is to do high-end work, you will have to wait longer to do it. It is a much better option to obtain a master's degree from top-rated university in the US to bag better jobs.
Product companies usually hire the best brains from these universities to do the challenging work for them. Also the biggest advantage of working overseas is that you get to work with the best brains and learn a lot from them. It typically takes 4-5 years of overseas experience to get a good understanding of the overall execution of software products.
Myth #8: Management ladder is a much better option than technical ladder.
Fact: If you are the kind who loves to be technical, look for an organisation that encourages career growth for core technical work and pays salary at par with management salary for the same zone.
The demand for senior technical and senior architect professionals will grow as more high-end, specialised work gets done in India. Some companies have both managers and architects in the same project.
The manager takes care of the people and project execution, while the architect takes care of all technical aspect of the project. For complex and large projects, it is not possible for the manager to wear, both, the technical and the managerial hats, and hence the need to hire architects to take care of all technical aspects.
If you find the employer saying that you will be doing 20 per cent management and 80 per cent technical work, treat the statement with caution. Most likely it might turn out to be the other way around!
Myth #9: I am working abroad. If I relocate and work in India I won't get the same job satisfaction.
Fact: This is no longer true. The nature of the jobs done in India is as good as that in the US or other countries. The only difference is that the products that are futuristic in nature are not so prevalent in the Indian IT industry. In addition, career growth in India is much better -- and faster -- than overseas.
Myth #10: My satisfaction with the Indian IT industry is not in my hands.
Fact: As stated in the facts to the above myths, you yourself are solely responsible for job satisfaction. You have to research well when making a career plan and ensure you are at the right place.
Tuesday, April 3, 2007
Do You Know I Love You
The best and most beautiful things in this world cannot be seen or even heard, but must be felt with the heart
==============================================
Friendship often ends in love; but love in friendship-- Never. ==============================================
If I know what love is, it is because of you. ==============================================
When you love someone, all your saved-up wishes start coming out.
==============================================
There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness. ==============================================
Successful marriage requires falling in love many times, and always with the same person. ==============================================
It's so great to find one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life. ==============================================
There is no spectacle on earth more appealing than that of a beautiful woman in the act of cooking dinner for someone she loves.
Asp.Net 2.0 Questions
1. What are the new Data Controls in Asp.net 2.0?
Data access in ASP.NET 2.0 can be accomplished completely declaratively (no code) using the new data-bound and data source controls. There are new data source controls to represent different data backends such as SQL database, business objects, and XML, and there are new data-bound controls for rendering common UI for data, such as gridview, detailsview, and formview.
2. What are the new Navigation Controls in Asp.net 2.0?
The navigation controls provide common UI for navigating between pages in your site, such as treeview, menu, and sitemappath. These controls use the site navigation service in ASP.NET 2.0 to retrieve the custom structure you have defined for your site.
3. What are the new Login Controlsin Asp.net 2.0?
The new login controls provide the building blocks to add authentication and authorization-based UI to your site, such as login forms, create user forms, password retrieval, and custom UI for logged in users or roles. These controls use the built-in membership and role services in ASP.NET 2.0 to interact with the user and role information defined for your site.
4. What are the new Web Part Controls in Asp.net 2.0 ?
Web parts are an exciting new family of controls that enable you to add rich, personalized content and layout to your site, as well as the ability to edit that content and layout directly from your application pages. These controls rely on the personalization services in ASP.NET 2.0 to provide a unique experience for each user in your application.
5. What are Master Pages?
This feature provides the ability to define common structure and interface elements for your site, such as a page header, footer, or navigation bar, in a common location called a "master page", to be shared by many pages in your site. In one simple place you can control the look, feel, and much of functionality for an entire Web site. This improves the maintainability of your site and avoids unnecessary duplication of code for shared site structure or behavior.
6. What are Themes and Skins in 2.0, explain usgae scenario?
The themes and skins features in ASP.NET 2.0 allow for easy customization of your site's look-and-feel. You can define style information in a common location called a "theme", and apply that style information globally to pages or controls in your site. Like Master Pages, this improves the maintainability of your site and avoid unnecessary duplication of code for shared styles.
7. What is a profile object, why is it used?
Using the new personalization services in ASP.NET 2.0 you can easily create customized experiences within Web applications. The Profile object enables developers to easily build strongly-typed, sticky data stores for user accounts and build highly customized, relationship based experiences. At the same time, a developer can leverage Web Parts and the personalization service to enable Web site visitors to completely control the layout and behavior of the site, with the knowledge that the site is completely customized for them. Personalizaton scenarios are now easier to build than ever before and require significantly less code and effort to implement.
8. What is Configuration API?
ASP.NET 2.0 contains new configuration management APIs, enabling users to programmatically build programs or scripts that create, read, and update Web.config and machine.config configuration files.
9. What is MMC Admin Tool?
ASP.NET 2.0 provides a new comprehensive admin tool that plugs into the existing IIS Administration MMC, enabling an administrator to graphically read or change common settings within our XML configuration files.
10. Explain the use of Pre-compilation Tool?
ASP.NET 2.0 delivers a new application deployment utility that enables both developers and administrators to precompile a dynamic ASP.NET application prior to deployment. This precompilation automatically identifies any compilation issues anywhere within the site, as well as enables ASP.NET applications to be deployed without any source being stored on the server (one can optionally remove the content of .aspx files as part of the compile phase), further protecting your intellectual property.
11. How is application management and maintenance improved in Asp.net 2.0?
ASP.NET 2.0 also provides new health-monitoring support to enable administrators to be automatically notified when an application on a server starts to experience problems. New tracing features will enable administrators to capture run-time and request data from a production server to better diagnose issues. ASP.NET 2.0 is delivering features that will enable developers and administrators to simplify the day-to-day management and maintenance of their Web applications.
12. What are Provider-driven Application Services? explain in detail?
ASP.NET 2.0 now includes built-in support for membership (user name/password credential storage) and role management services out of the box. The new personalization service enables quick storage/retrieval of user settings and preferences, facilitating rich customization with minimal code. The new site navigation system enables developers to quickly build link structures consistently across a site. As all of these services are provider-driven, they can be easily swapped out and replaced with your own custom implementation. With this extensibility option, you have complete control over the data store and schema that drives these rich application services.
13. Explain Server Control Extensibility with reference to Asp.net 2.0 ?
ASP.NET 2.0 includes improved support for control extensibility, such as more base classes that encapsulate common behaviors, improved designer support, more APIs for interacting with client-side script, metadata-driven support for new features like themes and accessibility verification, better state management, and more.
14. What are the Data Source Controls?
Data access in ASP.NET 2.0 is now performed declaratively using data source controls on a page. In this model, support for new data backend storage providers can be easily added by implementing custom data source controls. Additionally, the SqlDataSource control that ships in the box has built-in support for any ADO.NET managed provider that implements the new provider factory model in ADO.NET.
15. What are Compilation Build Providers?
Dynamic compilation in ASP.NET 2.0 is now handled by extensible compilation build providers, which associate a particular file extension with a handler that knows how to compile that extension dynamically at runtime. For example, .resx files can be dynamically compiled to resources, .wsdl files to web service proxies, and .xsd files to typed DataSet objects. In addition to the built-in support, it is easy to add support for additional extensions by implementing a custom build provider and registering it in Web.config.
16. What is Expression Builders, why would you use it?
ASP.NET 2.0 introduces a declarative new syntax for referencing code to substitute values into the page, called Expression Builders. ASP.NET 2.0 includes expression builders for referencing string resources for localization, connection strings, application settings, and profile values. You can also write your own expression builders to create your own custom syntax to substitute values in a page rendering.
17. Is ASP.NET 64-Bit enabled? how?
ASP.NET 2.0 is now 64-bit enabled, meaning it can take advantage of the full memory address space of new 64-bit processors and servers. Developers can simply copy existing 32-bit ASP.NET applications onto a 64-bit ASP.NET 2.0 server and have them automatically be JIT compiled and executed as native 64-bit applications (no source code changes or manual re-compile are required).
18. Explain how Caching in Asp.net 2.0 is different from Caching in Asp.net 1.1?
ASP.NET 2.0 also now includes automatic database server cache invalidation. This powerful and easy-to-use feature allows developers to aggressively output cache database-driven page and partial page content within a site and have ASP.NET automatically invalidate these cache entries and refresh the content whenever the back-end database changes. Developers can now safely cache time-critical content for long periods without worrying about serving visitors stale data.
Data access in ASP.NET 2.0 can be accomplished completely declaratively (no code) using the new data-bound and data source controls. There are new data source controls to represent different data backends such as SQL database, business objects, and XML, and there are new data-bound controls for rendering common UI for data, such as gridview, detailsview, and formview.
2. What are the new Navigation Controls in Asp.net 2.0?
The navigation controls provide common UI for navigating between pages in your site, such as treeview, menu, and sitemappath. These controls use the site navigation service in ASP.NET 2.0 to retrieve the custom structure you have defined for your site.
3. What are the new Login Controlsin Asp.net 2.0?
The new login controls provide the building blocks to add authentication and authorization-based UI to your site, such as login forms, create user forms, password retrieval, and custom UI for logged in users or roles. These controls use the built-in membership and role services in ASP.NET 2.0 to interact with the user and role information defined for your site.
4. What are the new Web Part Controls in Asp.net 2.0 ?
Web parts are an exciting new family of controls that enable you to add rich, personalized content and layout to your site, as well as the ability to edit that content and layout directly from your application pages. These controls rely on the personalization services in ASP.NET 2.0 to provide a unique experience for each user in your application.
5. What are Master Pages?
This feature provides the ability to define common structure and interface elements for your site, such as a page header, footer, or navigation bar, in a common location called a "master page", to be shared by many pages in your site. In one simple place you can control the look, feel, and much of functionality for an entire Web site. This improves the maintainability of your site and avoids unnecessary duplication of code for shared site structure or behavior.
6. What are Themes and Skins in 2.0, explain usgae scenario?
The themes and skins features in ASP.NET 2.0 allow for easy customization of your site's look-and-feel. You can define style information in a common location called a "theme", and apply that style information globally to pages or controls in your site. Like Master Pages, this improves the maintainability of your site and avoid unnecessary duplication of code for shared styles.
7. What is a profile object, why is it used?
Using the new personalization services in ASP.NET 2.0 you can easily create customized experiences within Web applications. The Profile object enables developers to easily build strongly-typed, sticky data stores for user accounts and build highly customized, relationship based experiences. At the same time, a developer can leverage Web Parts and the personalization service to enable Web site visitors to completely control the layout and behavior of the site, with the knowledge that the site is completely customized for them. Personalizaton scenarios are now easier to build than ever before and require significantly less code and effort to implement.
8. What is Configuration API?
ASP.NET 2.0 contains new configuration management APIs, enabling users to programmatically build programs or scripts that create, read, and update Web.config and machine.config configuration files.
9. What is MMC Admin Tool?
ASP.NET 2.0 provides a new comprehensive admin tool that plugs into the existing IIS Administration MMC, enabling an administrator to graphically read or change common settings within our XML configuration files.
10. Explain the use of Pre-compilation Tool?
ASP.NET 2.0 delivers a new application deployment utility that enables both developers and administrators to precompile a dynamic ASP.NET application prior to deployment. This precompilation automatically identifies any compilation issues anywhere within the site, as well as enables ASP.NET applications to be deployed without any source being stored on the server (one can optionally remove the content of .aspx files as part of the compile phase), further protecting your intellectual property.
11. How is application management and maintenance improved in Asp.net 2.0?
ASP.NET 2.0 also provides new health-monitoring support to enable administrators to be automatically notified when an application on a server starts to experience problems. New tracing features will enable administrators to capture run-time and request data from a production server to better diagnose issues. ASP.NET 2.0 is delivering features that will enable developers and administrators to simplify the day-to-day management and maintenance of their Web applications.
12. What are Provider-driven Application Services? explain in detail?
ASP.NET 2.0 now includes built-in support for membership (user name/password credential storage) and role management services out of the box. The new personalization service enables quick storage/retrieval of user settings and preferences, facilitating rich customization with minimal code. The new site navigation system enables developers to quickly build link structures consistently across a site. As all of these services are provider-driven, they can be easily swapped out and replaced with your own custom implementation. With this extensibility option, you have complete control over the data store and schema that drives these rich application services.
13. Explain Server Control Extensibility with reference to Asp.net 2.0 ?
ASP.NET 2.0 includes improved support for control extensibility, such as more base classes that encapsulate common behaviors, improved designer support, more APIs for interacting with client-side script, metadata-driven support for new features like themes and accessibility verification, better state management, and more.
14. What are the Data Source Controls?
Data access in ASP.NET 2.0 is now performed declaratively using data source controls on a page. In this model, support for new data backend storage providers can be easily added by implementing custom data source controls. Additionally, the SqlDataSource control that ships in the box has built-in support for any ADO.NET managed provider that implements the new provider factory model in ADO.NET.
15. What are Compilation Build Providers?
Dynamic compilation in ASP.NET 2.0 is now handled by extensible compilation build providers, which associate a particular file extension with a handler that knows how to compile that extension dynamically at runtime. For example, .resx files can be dynamically compiled to resources, .wsdl files to web service proxies, and .xsd files to typed DataSet objects. In addition to the built-in support, it is easy to add support for additional extensions by implementing a custom build provider and registering it in Web.config.
16. What is Expression Builders, why would you use it?
ASP.NET 2.0 introduces a declarative new syntax for referencing code to substitute values into the page, called Expression Builders. ASP.NET 2.0 includes expression builders for referencing string resources for localization, connection strings, application settings, and profile values. You can also write your own expression builders to create your own custom syntax to substitute values in a page rendering.
17. Is ASP.NET 64-Bit enabled? how?
ASP.NET 2.0 is now 64-bit enabled, meaning it can take advantage of the full memory address space of new 64-bit processors and servers. Developers can simply copy existing 32-bit ASP.NET applications onto a 64-bit ASP.NET 2.0 server and have them automatically be JIT compiled and executed as native 64-bit applications (no source code changes or manual re-compile are required).
18. Explain how Caching in Asp.net 2.0 is different from Caching in Asp.net 1.1?
ASP.NET 2.0 also now includes automatic database server cache invalidation. This powerful and easy-to-use feature allows developers to aggressively output cache database-driven page and partial page content within a site and have ASP.NET automatically invalidate these cache entries and refresh the content whenever the back-end database changes. Developers can now safely cache time-critical content for long periods without worrying about serving visitors stale data.
Asp.Net Questions
1. What do I need to create and run an ASP.NET application?
• Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP.
• ASP.NET, which can be either the redistributable (included in the .NET SDK) or Visual Studio .NET.
1. Where can I download the .NET SDK?
.NET SDK can be obtained here.
(You have to install the Microsoft .NET Framework Version 1.1 Redistributable Package before installing the .NET SDK.)
2. Are there any free IDEs for the .NET SDK?
o Microsoft provides Visual Studio 2005 Express Edition Beta for free. Of particular interest to the ASP.NET developers would be the Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition Beta 2 available as a free download.
o The ASP.NET Web Matrix Project (supported by Microsoft) is a free IDE for developing ASP.NET applications and is available here.
o There is also a free open-source UNIX version of the Microsoft .NET development platform called Mono available for download here.
o Another increasingly popular Open Source Development Environment for .NET is the #develop (short for SharpDevelop) available for download here.
3. When was ASP.NET released?
ASP.NET is a part of the .NET framework which was released as a software platform in 2002.
4. Is a new version coming up?
ASP.NET 2.0, Visual Studio 2005 (Whidbey), Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition are the next releases of Microsoft's Web platform and tools. They have already been released as Beta versions. They are scheduled to be released in the week of November 7, 2005.
5. Explain Namespace.
Namespaces are logical groupings of names used within a program. There may be multiple namespaces in a single application code, grouped based on the identifiers’ use. The name of any given identifier must appear only once in its namespace.
6. List the types of Authentication supported by ASP.NET.
o Windows (default)
o Forms
o Passport
o None (Security disabled)
7. What is CLR?
Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a run-time environment that manages the execution of .NET code and provides services like memory management, debugging, security, etc. The CLR is also known as Virtual Execution System (VES).
8. What is CLI?
The CLI is a set of specifications for a runtime environment, including a common type system, base class library, and a machine-independent intermediate code known as the Common Intermediate Language (CIL). (Source: Wikipedia.)
9. List the various stages of Page-Load lifecycle.
o Init()
o Load()
o PreRender()
o Unload()
10. Explain Assembly and Manifest.
An assembly is a collection of one or more files and one of them (DLL or EXE) contains a special metadata called Assembly Manifest. The manifest is stored as binary data and contains details like versioning requirements for the assembly, the author, security permissions, and list of files forming the assembly. An assembly is created whenever a DLL is built. The manifest can be viewed programmatically by making use of classes from the System.Reflection namespace. The tool Intermediate Language Disassembler (ILDASM) can be used for this purpose. It can be launched from the command prompt or via Start> Run.
11. What is Shadow Copy?
In order to replace a COM component on a live web server, it was necessary to stop the entire website, copy the new files and then restart the website. This is not feasible for the web servers that need to be always running. .NET components are different. They can be overwritten at any time using a mechanism called Shadow Copy. It prevents the Portable Executable (PE) files like DLLs and EXEs from being locked. Whenever new versions of the PEs are released, they are automatically detected by the CLR and the changed components will be automatically loaded. They will be used to process all new requests not currently executing, while the older version still runs the currently executing requests. By bleeding out the older version, the update is completed.
12. What is DLL Hell?
DLL hell is the problem that occurs when an installation of a newer application might break or hinder other applications as newer DLLs are copied into the system and the older applications do not support or are not compatible with them. .NET overcomes this problem by supporting multiple versions of an assembly at any given time. This is also called side-by-side component versioning.
13. Explain Web Services.
Web services are programmable business logic components that provide access to functionality through the Internet. Standard protocols like HTTP can be used to access them. Web services are based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is an application of XML. Web services are given the .asmx extension.
14. Explain Windows Forms.
Windows Forms is employed for developing Windows GUI applications. It is a class library that gives developers access to Windows Common Controls with rich functionality. It is a common GUI library for all the languages supported by the .NET Framework.
15. What is Postback?
When an action occurs (like button click), the page containing all the controls within the tag performs an HTTP POST, while having itself as the target URL. This is called Postback.
16. Explain the differences between server-side and client-side code?
Server side scripting means that all the script will be executed by the server and interpreted as needed. Client side scripting means that the script will be executed immediately in the browser such as form field validation, clock, email validation, etc. Client side scripting is usually done in VBScript or JavaScript. Since the code is included in the HTML page, anyone can see the code by viewing the page source. It also poses as a possible security hazard for the client computer.
17. Enumerate the types of Directives.
o @ Page directive
o @ Import directive
o @ Implements directive
o @ Register directive
o @ Assembly directive
o @ OutputCache directive
o @ Reference directive
18. What is Code-Behind?
Code-Behind is a concept where the contents of a page are in one file and the server-side code is in another. This allows different people to work on the same page at the same time and also allows either part of the page to be easily redesigned, with no changes required in the other. An Inherits attribute is added to the @ Page directive to specify the location of the Code-Behind file to the ASP.NET page.
19. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code is written along side the HTML in a page. There is no separate distinction between design code and logic code. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
20. List the ASP.NET validation controls?
o RequiredFieldValidator
o RangeValidator
o CompareValidator
o RegularExpressionValidator
o CustomValidator
o ValidationSummary
21. What is Data Binding?
Data binding is a way used to connect values from a collection of data (e.g. DataSet) to the controls on a web form. The values from the dataset are automatically displayed in the controls without having to write separate code to display them.
22. Describe Paging in ASP.NET.
The DataGrid control in ASP.NET enables easy paging of the data. The AllowPaging property of the DataGrid can be set to True to perform paging. ASP.NET automatically performs paging and provides the hyperlinks to the other pages in different styles, based on the property that has been set for PagerStyle.Mode.
23. Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
All user input data validation should occur on the server and minimally on the client-side, though it is a good way to reduce server load and network traffic because we can ensure that only data of the appropriate type is submitted from the form. It is totally insecure. The user can view the code used for validation and create a workaround for it. Secondly, the URL of the page that handles the data is freely visible in the original form page. This will allow unscrupulous users to send data from their own forms to your application. Client-side validation can sometimes be performed where deemed appropriate and feasible to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.
24. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?
o Response.Redirect: This tells the browser that the requested page can be found at a new location. The browser then initiates another request to the new page loading its contents in the browser. This results in two requests by the browser.
o Server.Transfer: It transfers execution from the first page to the second page on the server. As far as the browser client is concerned, it made one request and the initial page is the one responding with content. The benefit of this approach is one less round trip to the server from the client browser. Also, any posted form variables and query string parameters are available to the second page as well.
26. What is an interface and what is an abstract class?
In an interface, all methods must be abstract (must not be defined). In an abstract class, some methods can be defined. In an interface, no accessibility modifiers are allowed, whereas it is allowed in abstract classes.
27. Session state vs. View state:
In some cases, using view state is not feasible. The alternative for view state is session state. Session state is employed under the following situations:
o Large amounts of data - View state tends to increase the size of both the HTML page sent to the browser and the size of form posted back. Hence session state is used.
o Secure data - Though the view state data is encoded and may be encrypted, it is better and secure if no sensitive data is sent to the client. Thus, session state is a more secure option.
o Problems in serializing of objects into view state - View state is efficient for a small set of data. Other types like DataSet are slower and can generate a very large view state.
28. Can two different programming languages be mixed in a single ASPX file?
ASP.NET’s built-in parsers are used to remove code from ASPX files and create temporary files. Each parser understands only one language. Therefore mixing of languages in a single ASPX file is not possible.
29. Is it possible to see the code that ASP.NET generates from an ASPX file?
By enabling debugging using a <%@ Page Debug="true" %> directive in the ASPX file or a statement in Web.config, the generated code can be viewed. The code is stored in a CS or VB file (usually in the \%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v1.0.nnnn\Temporary ASP.NET Files).
30. Can a custom .NET data type be used in a Web form?
This can be achieved by placing the DLL containing the custom data type in the application root's bin directory and ASP.NET will automatically load the DLL when the type is referenced.
31. List the event handlers that can be included in Global.asax?
o Application start and end event handlers
o Session start and end event handlers
o Per-request event handlers
o Non-deterministic event handlers
32. Can the view state be protected from tampering?
This can be achieved by including an @ Page directive with an EnableViewStateMac="true" attribute in each ASPX file that has to be protected. Another way is to include the
33. Can the view state be encrypted?
The view state can be encrypted by setting EnableViewStateMac to true and either modifying the element in Machine.config to "
34. When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
The view state is available after the Init() and before the Render() methods are called during Page load.
35. Do Web controls support Cascading Style Sheets?
All Web controls inherit a property named CssClass from the base class System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl which can be used to control the properties of the web control.
36. What namespaces are imported by default in ASPX files?
The following namespaces are imported by default. Other namespaces must be imported manually using @ Import directives.
o System
o System.Collections
o System.Collections.Specialized
o System.Configuration
o System.Text
o System.Text.RegularExpressions
o System.Web
o System.Web.Caching
o System.Web.Security
o System.Web.SessionState
o System.Web.UI
o System.Web.UI.HtmlControls
o System.Web.UI.WebControls
37. What classes are needed to send e-mail from an ASP.NET application?
The classes MailMessage and SmtpMail have to be used to send email from an ASP.NET application. MailMessage and SmtpMail are classes defined in the .NET Framework Class Library's System.Web.Mail namespace.
38. Why do some web service classes derive from System.Web.WebServices while others do not?
Those Web Service classes which employ objects like Application, Session, Context, Server, and User have to derive from System.Web.WebServices. If it does not use these objects, it is not necessary to be derived from it.
39. What are VSDISCO files?
VSDISCO files are DISCO files that enable dynamic discovery of Web Services. ASP.NET links the VSDISCO to a HTTP handler that scans the host directory and subdirectories for ASMX and DISCO files and returns a dynamically generated DISCO document. A client who requests a VSDISCO file gets back what appears to be a static DISCO document.
40. How can files be uploaded to Web pages in ASP.NET?
This can be done by using the HtmlInputFile class to declare an instance of an tag. Then, a byte[] can be declared to read in the data from the input file. This can then be sent to the server.
41. How do I create an ASPX page that periodically refreshes itself?
The following META tag can be used as a trigger to automatically refresh the page every n seconds:
42. How do I initialize a TextBox whose TextMode is "password", with a password?
The TextBox’s Text property cannot be used to assign a value to a password field. Instead, its Value field can be used for that purpose.
43. Why does the control's PostedFile property always show null when using HtmlInputFile control to upload files to a Web server?
This occurs when an enctype="multipart/form-data" attribute is missing in the
• Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP.
• ASP.NET, which can be either the redistributable (included in the .NET SDK) or Visual Studio .NET.
1. Where can I download the .NET SDK?
.NET SDK can be obtained here.
(You have to install the Microsoft .NET Framework Version 1.1 Redistributable Package before installing the .NET SDK.)
2. Are there any free IDEs for the .NET SDK?
o Microsoft provides Visual Studio 2005 Express Edition Beta for free. Of particular interest to the ASP.NET developers would be the Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition Beta 2 available as a free download.
o The ASP.NET Web Matrix Project (supported by Microsoft) is a free IDE for developing ASP.NET applications and is available here.
o There is also a free open-source UNIX version of the Microsoft .NET development platform called Mono available for download here.
o Another increasingly popular Open Source Development Environment for .NET is the #develop (short for SharpDevelop) available for download here.
3. When was ASP.NET released?
ASP.NET is a part of the .NET framework which was released as a software platform in 2002.
4. Is a new version coming up?
ASP.NET 2.0, Visual Studio 2005 (Whidbey), Visual Web Developer 2005 Express Edition are the next releases of Microsoft's Web platform and tools. They have already been released as Beta versions. They are scheduled to be released in the week of November 7, 2005.
5. Explain Namespace.
Namespaces are logical groupings of names used within a program. There may be multiple namespaces in a single application code, grouped based on the identifiers’ use. The name of any given identifier must appear only once in its namespace.
6. List the types of Authentication supported by ASP.NET.
o Windows (default)
o Forms
o Passport
o None (Security disabled)
7. What is CLR?
Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a run-time environment that manages the execution of .NET code and provides services like memory management, debugging, security, etc. The CLR is also known as Virtual Execution System (VES).
8. What is CLI?
The CLI is a set of specifications for a runtime environment, including a common type system, base class library, and a machine-independent intermediate code known as the Common Intermediate Language (CIL). (Source: Wikipedia.)
9. List the various stages of Page-Load lifecycle.
o Init()
o Load()
o PreRender()
o Unload()
10. Explain Assembly and Manifest.
An assembly is a collection of one or more files and one of them (DLL or EXE) contains a special metadata called Assembly Manifest. The manifest is stored as binary data and contains details like versioning requirements for the assembly, the author, security permissions, and list of files forming the assembly. An assembly is created whenever a DLL is built. The manifest can be viewed programmatically by making use of classes from the System.Reflection namespace. The tool Intermediate Language Disassembler (ILDASM) can be used for this purpose. It can be launched from the command prompt or via Start> Run.
11. What is Shadow Copy?
In order to replace a COM component on a live web server, it was necessary to stop the entire website, copy the new files and then restart the website. This is not feasible for the web servers that need to be always running. .NET components are different. They can be overwritten at any time using a mechanism called Shadow Copy. It prevents the Portable Executable (PE) files like DLLs and EXEs from being locked. Whenever new versions of the PEs are released, they are automatically detected by the CLR and the changed components will be automatically loaded. They will be used to process all new requests not currently executing, while the older version still runs the currently executing requests. By bleeding out the older version, the update is completed.
12. What is DLL Hell?
DLL hell is the problem that occurs when an installation of a newer application might break or hinder other applications as newer DLLs are copied into the system and the older applications do not support or are not compatible with them. .NET overcomes this problem by supporting multiple versions of an assembly at any given time. This is also called side-by-side component versioning.
13. Explain Web Services.
Web services are programmable business logic components that provide access to functionality through the Internet. Standard protocols like HTTP can be used to access them. Web services are based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is an application of XML. Web services are given the .asmx extension.
14. Explain Windows Forms.
Windows Forms is employed for developing Windows GUI applications. It is a class library that gives developers access to Windows Common Controls with rich functionality. It is a common GUI library for all the languages supported by the .NET Framework.
15. What is Postback?
When an action occurs (like button click), the page containing all the controls within the
16. Explain the differences between server-side and client-side code?
Server side scripting means that all the script will be executed by the server and interpreted as needed. Client side scripting means that the script will be executed immediately in the browser such as form field validation, clock, email validation, etc. Client side scripting is usually done in VBScript or JavaScript. Since the code is included in the HTML page, anyone can see the code by viewing the page source. It also poses as a possible security hazard for the client computer.
17. Enumerate the types of Directives.
o @ Page directive
o @ Import directive
o @ Implements directive
o @ Register directive
o @ Assembly directive
o @ OutputCache directive
o @ Reference directive
18. What is Code-Behind?
Code-Behind is a concept where the contents of a page are in one file and the server-side code is in another. This allows different people to work on the same page at the same time and also allows either part of the page to be easily redesigned, with no changes required in the other. An Inherits attribute is added to the @ Page directive to specify the location of the Code-Behind file to the ASP.NET page.
19. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code is written along side the HTML in a page. There is no separate distinction between design code and logic code. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
20. List the ASP.NET validation controls?
o RequiredFieldValidator
o RangeValidator
o CompareValidator
o RegularExpressionValidator
o CustomValidator
o ValidationSummary
21. What is Data Binding?
Data binding is a way used to connect values from a collection of data (e.g. DataSet) to the controls on a web form. The values from the dataset are automatically displayed in the controls without having to write separate code to display them.
22. Describe Paging in ASP.NET.
The DataGrid control in ASP.NET enables easy paging of the data. The AllowPaging property of the DataGrid can be set to True to perform paging. ASP.NET automatically performs paging and provides the hyperlinks to the other pages in different styles, based on the property that has been set for PagerStyle.Mode.
23. Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
All user input data validation should occur on the server and minimally on the client-side, though it is a good way to reduce server load and network traffic because we can ensure that only data of the appropriate type is submitted from the form. It is totally insecure. The user can view the code used for validation and create a workaround for it. Secondly, the URL of the page that handles the data is freely visible in the original form page. This will allow unscrupulous users to send data from their own forms to your application. Client-side validation can sometimes be performed where deemed appropriate and feasible to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.
24. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?
o Response.Redirect: This tells the browser that the requested page can be found at a new location. The browser then initiates another request to the new page loading its contents in the browser. This results in two requests by the browser.
o Server.Transfer: It transfers execution from the first page to the second page on the server. As far as the browser client is concerned, it made one request and the initial page is the one responding with content. The benefit of this approach is one less round trip to the server from the client browser. Also, any posted form variables and query string parameters are available to the second page as well.
26. What is an interface and what is an abstract class?
In an interface, all methods must be abstract (must not be defined). In an abstract class, some methods can be defined. In an interface, no accessibility modifiers are allowed, whereas it is allowed in abstract classes.
27. Session state vs. View state:
In some cases, using view state is not feasible. The alternative for view state is session state. Session state is employed under the following situations:
o Large amounts of data - View state tends to increase the size of both the HTML page sent to the browser and the size of form posted back. Hence session state is used.
o Secure data - Though the view state data is encoded and may be encrypted, it is better and secure if no sensitive data is sent to the client. Thus, session state is a more secure option.
o Problems in serializing of objects into view state - View state is efficient for a small set of data. Other types like DataSet are slower and can generate a very large view state.
28. Can two different programming languages be mixed in a single ASPX file?
ASP.NET’s built-in parsers are used to remove code from ASPX files and create temporary files. Each parser understands only one language. Therefore mixing of languages in a single ASPX file is not possible.
29. Is it possible to see the code that ASP.NET generates from an ASPX file?
By enabling debugging using a <%@ Page Debug="true" %> directive in the ASPX file or a
30. Can a custom .NET data type be used in a Web form?
This can be achieved by placing the DLL containing the custom data type in the application root's bin directory and ASP.NET will automatically load the DLL when the type is referenced.
31. List the event handlers that can be included in Global.asax?
o Application start and end event handlers
o Session start and end event handlers
o Per-request event handlers
o Non-deterministic event handlers
32. Can the view state be protected from tampering?
This can be achieved by including an @ Page directive with an EnableViewStateMac="true" attribute in each ASPX file that has to be protected. Another way is to include the
33. Can the view state be encrypted?
The view state can be encrypted by setting EnableViewStateMac to true and either modifying the
34. When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
The view state is available after the Init() and before the Render() methods are called during Page load.
35. Do Web controls support Cascading Style Sheets?
All Web controls inherit a property named CssClass from the base class System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl which can be used to control the properties of the web control.
36. What namespaces are imported by default in ASPX files?
The following namespaces are imported by default. Other namespaces must be imported manually using @ Import directives.
o System
o System.Collections
o System.Collections.Specialized
o System.Configuration
o System.Text
o System.Text.RegularExpressions
o System.Web
o System.Web.Caching
o System.Web.Security
o System.Web.SessionState
o System.Web.UI
o System.Web.UI.HtmlControls
o System.Web.UI.WebControls
37. What classes are needed to send e-mail from an ASP.NET application?
The classes MailMessage and SmtpMail have to be used to send email from an ASP.NET application. MailMessage and SmtpMail are classes defined in the .NET Framework Class Library's System.Web.Mail namespace.
38. Why do some web service classes derive from System.Web.WebServices while others do not?
Those Web Service classes which employ objects like Application, Session, Context, Server, and User have to derive from System.Web.WebServices. If it does not use these objects, it is not necessary to be derived from it.
39. What are VSDISCO files?
VSDISCO files are DISCO files that enable dynamic discovery of Web Services. ASP.NET links the VSDISCO to a HTTP handler that scans the host directory and subdirectories for ASMX and DISCO files and returns a dynamically generated DISCO document. A client who requests a VSDISCO file gets back what appears to be a static DISCO document.
40. How can files be uploaded to Web pages in ASP.NET?
This can be done by using the HtmlInputFile class to declare an instance of an tag. Then, a byte[] can be declared to read in the data from the input file. This can then be sent to the server.
41. How do I create an ASPX page that periodically refreshes itself?
The following META tag can be used as a trigger to automatically refresh the page every n seconds:
42. How do I initialize a TextBox whose TextMode is "password", with a password?
The TextBox’s Text property cannot be used to assign a value to a password field. Instead, its Value field can be used for that purpose.
43. Why does the control's PostedFile property always show null when using HtmlInputFile control to upload files to a Web server?
This occurs when an enctype="multipart/form-data" attribute is missing in the
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